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Jimena Serrano Period 2 Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Jimena Serrano Period 2 Endocrine System
Major functions of the endocrine system
help control mood
growth and development
how organs work
metabolism
reproduction
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions (separate by region/ body cavity)
pituitary gland-Growth and sexual/reproductive development and function.
thyroid gland-produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolic rate, growth and development
parathyroid glands- to make the parathyroid hormone (PTH)
adrenal glands-produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions
pancreas-exocrine pancreas produces enzymes that help to digest food, particularly protein.
pineal gland-to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information by the production and secretion of the hormone melatonin.
reproductive glands (ovaries and testes)-producing the sperm and ova, but they also secrete hormones
kidneys-remove waste products from the blood and produce urine.
thymus gland- train special white blood cells called T-lymphocytes or T-cells.
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Hormonal imbalances
Obesity.
Metabolic syndrome.
Gestational diabetes
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones and list the hormones for each
category
Steroids derived from cholesterol hormones Estrogen, testosterone,
aldosterone, cortisol
Nonsteroid amines, peptides, proteins, or glycoproteins,
which are produced from amino acids
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Positive feedback stimulates and increases hormone secretion.
Negative feedback stops and inhibits the hormone from being produced.
Include the hormones produced, their functions and their target organs
Aldosterone-Regulates salt, water balance, and blood pressure
Corticosteroid-controls key functions in the body; acts as an anti-inflammatory; maintains blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and muscle strength; regulates salt and water balance
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)-Affects water retention in kidneys; controls blood pressure
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-Controls production of sex hormones (estrogen in women and testosterone in men) and the production of eggs in women and sperm in men.
Growth hormone (GH)-Affects growth and development; stimulates protein production; affects fat distribution
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-Controls production of sex hormones (estrogen in women and testosterone in men) and the production of eggs in women and sperm in men
Oxytocin-Stimulates contraction of uterus and milk ducts in the breast
Prolactin-Initiates and maintains milk production in breasts; impacts sex hormone levels
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)- Stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones
Renin and angiotensin -Controls blood pressure, both directly and also by regulating aldosterone production from the adrenal glands
Erythropoietin- Affects red blood cell (RBC) production
Glucagon-Raises blood sugar levels
Insulin-Lowers blood sugar levels; stimulates metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat
Estrogen-Affects development of female sexual characteristics and reproductive development, important for functioning of uterus and breasts; also protects bone health
Progesterone-Stimulates the lining of the uterus for fertilization; prepares the breasts for milk production
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-Most important regulator of blood calcium levels
Thyroid hormone-Controls metabolism; also affects growth, maturation, nervous system activity, and metabolism
Epinephrine-Increases heart rate, oxygen intake, and blood flow
Norepinephrine-Maintains blood pressure
Testosterone-Develop and maintain male sexual characteristics and maturation
Melatonin-Releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)-Regulates growth hormone release in the pituitary gland
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-Regulates thyroid stimulating hormone release in the pituitary gland
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-Regulates LH/FSH production in the pituitary gland
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-Regulates adrenocorticotropin release in the pituitary gland
Humoral factors-Helps develop the lymphoid system