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Sources of Law, Courts, Stages of Criminal Procedure, Legal Professionals…
Sources of Law
America
Common Law (Law of Precedence)
US Constitution (Especially Article IV)
State Constitutions
US Supreme Court Rulings (Case Law)
Legislation
Federal Laws
State Laws
Local Laws
Laws made by US Government Agencies and Commissions
Japan
Japanese Constitution日本国憲法
Penal Code 刑法
Code of Criminal Procedure 刑事訴訟
法
Legislation 法律制定 (Statutory Law)
Police Law 警察法
Supreme Court Rulings 最⾼裁判所
規則 (Case Law)
Courts
Japan
Appellate Jurisdiction上訴管轄権
Supreme Court Grand Bench 最高裁判所の大法廷
Original Jurisdiction 第一審管轄権
District Court 地方裁判所
High Court 高等裁判所 (Three Judge Panel)
Petty Bench 最高裁判所の小法廷(all cases)
High Court 高等裁判所(Five Judge Panel)
Summary court 簡易裁判所
America
Supreme Court (Appeals)
Stages of Criminal Procedure
America
Burden of Proof
Pretrial
Advising Defendant of Charges
Arrest if necessary
Bail
Assignment of Court-appointed attorney (if needed)
Arraignment
Trial
Jury Selection
Opening Statements
Testimonies
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Judgement
Appeals
Japan
Investigation 捜査
Arrest 逮捕
Referal to Public Prosecutor 検察官送致
Detention of suspect 被疑者の勾留
Accusation 起訴
Institution of Prosecution 公訴を提起
Trial Preparation 裁判準備
Pretrial conference procedure 公判前整理手続
Disclosure of evidence 証拠開示
Designation of Trial Date 公判期日指定
Bail 保釈
Appointment of Lay Judges 裁判員の任命
Trial 裁判
Opening proceedings 冒頭陳述
Examination of Evidence 証拠調べ
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Judgement 決断
Execution of Sentence 刑罰を執行
Appeals 上訴
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Declaration of Innocence 無罪判決
Legal Professionals Involved
America
Judge
Jury
Defense Lawyer
Accused
Prosecuting Attorney
Witnesses
Court Recorder
Baliff
Court Clerk
Japan
Judges裁判所裁判官
Lay Judges 裁判員
Court Clerk 裁判所書記官
Court Secretary裁判所事務官
Court Stenographer 裁判所速記官
Public Prosecutor 検察官
Accused 被告人
Defense Counsel 弁護人
Witness 目撃者
District Courts
Circuit Courts (Appeals)
Trial Courts
Appellate Courts
State Supreme Courts (Appeals)