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Janelle Cardenas per. 5 Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Janelle Cardenas per. 5 Endocrine System
major endocrine glands/organs & their functions
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
: regulates hormone secretion
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)
: stimulates normal development & secretory activity of thyroid
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)
: stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
*GROWTH HORMONE
(GH)*: metabolism & indirect growth-promoting actions
GONADOTROPINS (FSH & LH)
: stimulates production of eggs
PROLACTIN (PRL)
: stimulates milk production
THYROID
:
T3 (TRIIODOTHYRONINE)
faster than T4
CALCITONIN
: lowers blood calcium & phosphate in concentration
T4 (THYROOXINE)
increases rate of energy
triggers
transcription of various metabolic genes,
effects
: increases basal metabolic rate, tissue growth, & BP
POSTERIOR PITUITARY
: secretes oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone
OXYTOCIN
: stimulant of uterine
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
:targets kidney tubules to reabsorb ore water to inhibit or prevent urine formation, triggered by pain, low BP, & drugs
PARATHYROID GLAND
PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)
: secreted due to blood levels decreasing
targets
skeleton, kidneys, & intestine
functions
: stimulate osteoclasts to digest bone matrix & release Ca
HYPOTHALAMUS
: controls pituitary gland
ADRENAL GLAND
ADRENAL CORTEX
(EXTERNAL)
CORTISOL
: causes blood sugar to increase, fatty acids & amino acids
ADRENAL MEDULLA
(INTERNAL)
NOREPINEPHRINE
: peripheral vasoconstriction & BP
EPINEPHRINE
: stimulates metabolic activities
ENDOCRINE glands
: produce hormones & lacks ducts (
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, & pineal glands
PINEAL GLAND
MELATONIN
: sexual maturation & puberty, day/night cycles, physiological processes
EXOCRINE glands
: produce nonhormonal substances & have ducts (
pancreas, gonads, & placenta)
PANCREAS
GLUCAGON
: triggered by low blood sugar or sympathetic nervous system
raises blood sugar
INSULIN
: secretes when blood sugar rises
GONADS
: estrogen, progesterone, & testerone
major functions of endocrine system
influences metabolic activities by hormones transported in blood
responses are slower but longer lasting
acts w nervous system to coordinate & integrate activity of body cells
maintains
reproduction, growth & development, maintenance of electrolytes, water, & nutrients balance of blood, cellular metabolism & energy balance, & mobilization of body defenses
diseases associated with the endocrine system
hyperinsulin
diabetes mellitus (DM)
: hyposecretion & hypoactivity of insulin
hyposecretion (Addison's disease)
: decreases blood sugar & sodium levels
hypersecretion (Cushing's disease)
: depresses cartilage & immune system
diabetes insipidus
compare & contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones
NON-STEROID HORMONES
: amino-acid derivatives, peptides & proteins &
water soluble)
- has a secondary-messenger system
STEROID HORMONES
: synthesized from cholesterol, gonadal & adrenocortical hormones &
lipid soluble
only affects cells that have matching receptors
homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation
nervous system modulation
: makes adjustments hormone levels when needed & can override normal endocrine glands
endocrine gland stimuli
: synthesize & release hormones in response to 1 of 3 stimuli
hormones
are controlled by negative feedback systems increasing hormone effects = increasing hormone release