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Dana De Guzman Period 3 endocrine system - Coggle Diagram
Dana De Guzman Period 3 endocrine system
Major functions of the endocrine system
Help control mood, growth development, help our organs work, metabolism, reproduction, and sleep cycle.
Help maintain homeostasis
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions (separate by region/ body cavity)
Hypothalamus:
secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Anterior pituitary:
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormones (LH).
Posterior pituitary:
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin).
Parathyroid:
parathyroid hormone
Thyroid:
thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Thymus:
thymosin
Adrenals:
cortisol and aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine
Pancreas:
insulin and glucagon
2 more items...
Cortisol:
synthesis of glucose from protein and fat, slows down action of defense cells, controls inflammation and allergy
1 more item...
affects production differentiation of T lymphocyte
Increases rate of energy release of carbohydrate of protein synthesis, accelerates growth and necessary for normal maturation
increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases phosphate ion concentration
ADH:
causes kidneys to conserve water, reduces amount of water excreted in urine
OT:
contract muscle in uterus and milk ducts in the breast
GH:
stimulates body cells to grow and reproduce
PRL:
promote milk production following birth of infant
TSH:
controls secretions of hormones from thyroid glan
ACTH:
controls secretions of certain hormones from adrenal cortex
FSH:
affect males and females
LH:
Promotes secretion of sex hormones
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones and list the hormones for each
category
Non-steroid:
water-soluble, reaches target cell on the outside. derived from amino acids
Water-soluble hormones include:
glycoproteins, insulin, and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides. Epinephrine, Non-epinephrine, Thymosin, Melatonin and Calcitonin are water-soluble hormones.
Steroid:
lipid-soluble, can break through the membrane of the target cell. Goes directly to the nucleus. derived from cholesterol
Steroid hormones include:
testosterone, estrogens, progesterone, aldosterone and cortisol.
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Negative feedback:
controls mechanisms/release. release of hormones from the hypothalamus controls secretions of the anterior pituitary, and anterior pituitary hormones affect the activity of other endocrine glands
when hormone level rises, the hormones experts its effects, further secretion is inhibited by negative feed back, and then hormone secretion decreases
when hormone drops below normal, the inhibition is removed and the gland secretes more hormones again
Positive feedback:
Causes conditions to increase. Increases hormones
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Hypothyroidism: under activity of the thyroid gland
Hyperthyroidism: overactivity of the thyroid gland
Goiter: enlargment in thyroid that appears as a buldge in the necl
Hypoparathyroidism: deficiency of the PTH
Hyperthyroidism: excess of PTH
Addison disease: hyposecretion of glucorticoids and mineralcorticolds
Crushing syndrome: hypersecretion of adrenal cortical hormones