Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Endocrine System - Dayanara Torres - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System - Dayanara Torres
Major Functions
The endocrine system works with the nervous system and maintains homeostasis.Endocrine glands secrete hormones into body fluids and they diffuse into the blood stream which makes them not true hormones. The body has 2 major glands types which are exocrine (secretes products into ducts, outside internal environment) and endocrine (secretes hormones into body fluids to affect target cells). The endocrine is precise in actions on specific targets and communicates with cells using hormones which makes it slow.
Major glands/organs & their functions
Pituitary
Consist of Anterior and Posterior. Anterior is releasing & inhibiting hormones from hypothalamus. The posterior stores hormones made by hypothalamus
Thyroid Gland: Helps control caloric intake & regulate blood calcium level & bone growth
Parathyroid gland: Increases blood calcium ion concentration & decreases phosphate ion concentration & stimulates bone resp oration & stimulates kidneys
Adrenal Gland: Secretes epinephrine & nor-epinephrine into the blood stream & effects resemble sympathetic neurotransmitters
Pancreas: Has glucagon increases blood level of glucose and insulin decreases blood level of glucose
Pineal Gland: Secretes melatonin that's involved in regulation of circadian rhythms of body
Reproductive Glands: Ovaries produce estrogen & progesterone & gonadotropin. Testes produce testosterone
Kidneys: Secrets erythropoietin for blood cells production
Thymus Gland: Secretes thymosins that affect production & differentiate of T Lymphocytes
Steroid vs. Non-steroid
Steroid hormone receptors bind with DNA & activate specific genes that direct synthesis of specific proteins. They're substances are derived from cholesterol
Non-steroids respond to binding of the hormone & cause changes in the cell. They're amines, peptides, proteins, or gylcproteins which are produced from amino acids
Homeostatic Mechanisms of Hormone Regulation
Hormone regulation is done by using negative feedback. Controls hormone release so as hormone levels rise the hormone experts its effects, further secretion is inhabitated by negative Feedback & hormone secretion decreases. When hormone concentration drops below normal level inhibition is removed
Diseases
Addison Disease: hypo-secretion of glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids
Cushing syndrome: hyper-secretion of adrenal cortisol hormones
Type 1 Diabetes Mellutis: beta cells are destroyed so insulin production decreases/stops
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: insulin is produced but not recognized by cells