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India - Coggle Diagram
India
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Nature
Cawnpore - 5 June 1857 - 25 June 1857
- two Indian regiments at Cawnpore rebelled
- for three weeks they held British soldiers, sepoys and civilians under siege
- Nana Sahib offered safe passage to Allahabad, their evacuation turned into a massacre and most of the men were killed
- mutineers had cut telephone wires so didn't know relief was two days away
- as an east India company rescue force from Allahabad approached Cawnpore, 120 British women and children were killed in the Bibghar massacre
- remains thrown down wells
- sparked harsh retribution
- war cry “remember Cawnpore”
- 300 British men and women died on river banks
- 110 women and children died in Bibighar massacre
- the devils wind
Siege of Lucknow - 30 may 1857
- state of Oudh had been annexed by EIC and the Nawab was exiled to Calcutta a year before the rebellion
- this was resented within the state and elsewhere in India
- the sepoys of the EIC’s Bengal army had become troubled feeling their religion and customs were under threat
- flashpoint of rebellion was Enfield rifle cartridges
- 1 may, the 7th oudh infantry refused to bite the cartridge
- 3 may they were disarmed by other regiments
- 10 May Indian soldiers at meerut broke into rebellion and marches on Delhi
- Relief took 2 attempts by British (Henry Lawrence)
- held siege for 6 months
- residence being protected by battery positions
- terrible conditions (diseases)
- first relief attempt = 25th September 1857
- lost so many troops on the way that they couldn’t evacuate
- second relief attempt = 16th November 1857
- forces exceedingly violent after Bibighar massacre
- 300,000 Indian rebel casualties
The siege of Dellhi: 8 June - 21 September 1857
- sepoys at Meerut rebelled
- soldiers of the bengal released the imprisoned and marched to Delhi
- British couldn’t prevent them nd had to withdraw
- army disperse so British couldnt launch counter attack
- birthday assembled makeshift forces made of Ghurkas
- 30,000 mutineers loyal to the mutineers loyal to the Mughal emporer inside the city
- reinforcements from the punjab arrived by early September (9000)
- by 21st September Delhi was back under control
why did the rebellion fail
1) lack of central leadership among rebels
2) different aims (some wanting to restore Mughal empire)
3) no clear nationalist ideology
4) better British technology
5) lack of support from Indian rebels
6) recruitment of sepoys during rebellion
7) loyalty of the Sikhs
8) little strategy and planing
The Sikhs
- reaction of Sikhs very different to those Hindu and Muslim sepoys leading the mutiny
- Sikhs especially in the Punjab remained loyal to the British and refused to join the rebellion
- fought with the British against the rebellion, helping to recapture Delhi
- Sikhs did not want the restoration of the Muslim Mughal empire having been persecuted
- many Sikhs hates and resented the Hindus and Muslims who had helped the EIC defeat the Sikh empire in the 1840s
other points on nature
- Britain moved troops by sea, overland from crimea and diverted those en route to china
-with the Sikh and Gurkha units from Nepal British sent out relief columns
- British commanders took bloody revenge, blowing from a gun (tied to mouth of a canon)