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Push Factors for Internal Migration - Coggle Diagram
Push Factors for
Internal Migration
Highland clearnces - economoic
The Crofters’ Holdings Act 1886 enforced clearances of tenants. Some landlords assisted tenants by paying their passage if they agreed to leave.
Poor housing - soical
Poverty was a huge problem, with the quality of house being extremely poor; blackhouses were often shared with animals or had leaky roofs ,while other houses lacked basic facilities such as toilets
Isolation - soical
The lack of social life in rural areas and isolation in the Highlands led people to migrate to the cities which offered football, theatre, music halls and other social facilities.
Opportunities - soical
The Education Act gave every Scot between the ages of 5-13 the right to an education and schools were often able to access schools from towns and cities
Mass urbanisation - soical
In 1831 31.2% of the population lived in towns and cities, due to mass urbanisation by 193- this had increased to 63.4%
Potato Blight - economic
The potato blight of the 1840s hurt the Scottish highlands as it resulted in a famine as highlanders relied on their potato crop and did not have enough food to eat or sell.
Decline of kelp - eceonomic
Jobs were very hard to find in the highlands, many people worked collecting kelp, but this paid very little, this kept the workers in poverty and when cheaper foreign kelp became available those highland jobs were lost.
Replacement of people for animals
(Highland clearences) - economic
Land owners cleared people off the land to make room for the more proftable sheep farming during the 1840-50s. This left many scots unemployed and homeless resulting in the move to urban areas.
Farming/Arguculture in General
Most people who lived in the highlands worked as crofters. Due to the increasing population, there was not enough land, which meant that farms were often subdivided meaning they were too small to earn enough money to live.
New technologies being developed like steam powered machines and tractors reduced the number of workers needed, which led to both fewer jobs and lower wages.
Decline of Herring - economic
In the 1870s many relyed on the fishing industry as they moved to ports, by 1891 3/4 of the population were reliant on fishing. However, the decline due to WW1 and russian revolution wiped out the European market leaving many with no way to make income.
Disease
Disease was widespread in growing towns with multiple cholera outbreaks due to poor conditions