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ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION, Intranasal, Subcutaneous, Drug is applied…
ROUTE OF DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
Systemic Route
Intravenous
Fastest Acting (100% BIOAVAILABILITY)
Chances of acute toxicity and drugs in oily medium can't be given
Transdermal
Longer duration action
But slow acting and only lipid soluble drug can be given.
eg. Scopolamine
Oral
Undergoes FPM and Most variable absorption
eg. Most drugs except large sized (protein) drugs Tab. PCM, Capsule Omeprazole
Cheapest, Convenient and Safest
(Most Common Route)
Sublingual
Fast Action, Drug can be spitted out after effect
S/E- Tooth Discoloration
No First Pass Metabolism(FPM)
Rectal
Unpleasant and irritant drugs can be given, 50% lesser FPM
Intramuscular
Drugs in oily medium can be given and self administration is possible
S/E Cause Pain on Injection
Local Routes
Intra-articular
Intrathecal
Intra- arterial
Topical
Intranasal
Only potent drugs can be given
Bypass BBB (peptides) Rapid and faster absorption
Subcutaneous
Prolonged Action
Drug is applied on skin or mucous membrane
Cutaneous - eg. Steroids
Ocular - eg. Antigaucoma drugs
Muscosal - eg. Anti- Cancer drugs in bladder cancer
For local and rapid effect on CNS or if drugs do not cross BBB
eg. Aminoglycosides in CNS infection
Given in subarachnoid space via Lumbar Puncture(spinal route)
Steroids in the Rheumatoid Arthritis
Local effect on a particular organ supplied by an artery
Anti- cancer drugs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) and Head- Neck Cancer
eg. Desmopressin
eg. Nitroglycerine
eg. Diazepam for febrile seizures in children
eg. Insulin
eg. Injection Pantoprazole
eg. Injection Promethazine