Motives and Goals
Goals and motives are powerful forces and direct our behavior!
Reflection:
My big life goals in life is achieving success and fulfillment in the career I decide to take. Another big life goal is to grow and improve as a person and build meaningful relationships. Some sub goals I have to get to my big goals is to get a college degree for my future career and for my personal growth goal a subgoal to that could be challenging myself to step outside my comfort zone. Daily actions I should be doing to get there is by going to school everyday and participating.
Goals are different types...
-Some goals are short term, some are long term, some can be concretely measured (graduating from college), while other goals cannot (being happy)
How are goals defined?
-Goals are defined as the cognitive representation of a desired state
-Or in simpler terms: it is the picture in your head of where you want to be
Achieving goals require motivation:
-Motivation: the psychological driving force that enables the pursuit of a valued goal so the important that artists, poets, philosophers, and scientists all try to understand this force
Motivation can be two types:
Intrinsic: because of the interest and enjoyment in the task itself. Enjoyment, purpose, growth, curiosity, passion, self expression, and fun. Intrinsic motivation: when you want to do something for the pure joy of it
VS.
Extrinsic motivation: when you want to do something because you are chasing an outcome. Or because of the outcome that will result by doing the task. Promotions, pay raises, bonuses, benefits, prizes, and winning
I would say right now in education I am mostly extrinsically motivated because I am in college because I want to get a good job. I do want to change my ways and start thinking of college as a place where I am curious and want to learn the material but it is hard. I would say I am more intrinsically motivated towards things that I consider hobbys like soccer or basketball. I think I am also more intrinsically motivated to become better as a person like health wise and mentally.
Why do I achieve some goals so easily but find myself on a struggle bus for others?
I think I am doing good with my goals because my grades are good besides my math grade which is a C but other than that I have all A's. For personal growth I see myself doing a lot better in relationships. I think I might even starting to grow a secure attachment style.
- Goal adoption is a commitment
Is the goal valuable to you?
Do you think the goal is attainable? - Gap between desired and current state is too wide
Goal commitment weakens "nothing I can do will help"
Possibility of goal quitting increases - The role of time
Outcomes that are too far in time, goal pursuit might end up weakening
Outcomes that are closer then goal pursuit increases
Goal activation has consequences:
- Behavior "what should I do" 2. Judgment "What I begin considering relevant, irrelevant, meaningful, not meaningful" 3. Perception "what I even start noticing" 4. Feelings "The way I feel when stimuli/outcomes are goal congruent or goal incongruent"
Self regulation or self control:
-The capacity to postpone immediate gratification for the sake of future interests
-Some people have a natural ability to exercise self control more easily than others
Life long implications: studies have shown that a stronger self control leads to greater cognitive and social competence over the course of a lifetime
Marshmallow studies:
-10 years after the original marshmallow tests. Researchers found that children who waited longer performed better academically and socially as adolescents. They had better psychological coping skills as adolescents. Successful pursuit of goals in the face of temptation. Requires a person to identify impulses that need to be controlled
How to build better self control:
-Just knowing that self control matters to this extent helps in rethinking it as an important resource!
-Beyond personal characteristics, the ability to exercise self control can and does fluctuate
Know that exercising self control drains individuals of limited physiological and psychological resources to pursue goals
Self regulatory focus (Promotion focus VS. Prevention focus)
-Promotion focus emphasizes hopes, accomplishments, advancement needs. When we view the world in terms of our ideals and desires. For example "if you study well, you will enrich yourself with the gift of knowledge" thats the motivator for promotion focused people
-Prevention focus emphasizes safety, responsibility, and security needs. When we view the world from a perspective of duty, obligation, "ought to" kind of thinking. For example "You dont study you will fail" that is the motivator for prevention focused people
I guess I am a prevention focus about school because I think I have an obligation to do the work and think of it as terms of having to do the work so I can keep good grades instead of I hope to learn new information. I do know I need to change this quality of mine but I just dont find myself curious about the knowledge about business classes but actually sometimes in psychology classes I see myself with promotion focus because I am curious about why I am the way that I am.
Self regulation in Goal Pursuit
-Cybernetic process which is actual progress vs desired progress.
-If progress is greater than expect - positive feelings. People tend to coast
-Where if progress is lower than expected -negative feelings. People tend to increase effort.
-When people interpret their previous actions as a sign of ongoing commitment to a goal, they tend to highlight the pursuit of that goal by prioritizing it and putting more effort into it
-When people interpret their previous actions as a sign of progress, they tend to balance between this goal and others and put less effort into it
Conflicting Goals and Self Control
-Protection of a goal involves cognitive and behavior strategies. That are aimed at "counteracting" temptations and pushing oneself to engage in goal related choices
Decreasing the value of temptations and increasing the value of goal consistent options (For example not buying certain foods cause its unhealthy)
-Establishing rewards for goals and penalties for temptations
-Pre commiting to forgo temptations and pursue goals
-Physically distancing oneself from temptations while making goal oriented options readily available