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5.2 - Wind and Air Resistance - Coggle Diagram
5.2 - Wind and Air Resistance
Depends
Superestructure Area
Formula Taylor
\( 1,28 \times \frac{1}{2} \rho A_t V_r^2 \)
\( 0,783 \times \frac{1}{2} B^2 V_r^2 \)
Still air
Maximum Wind resistance
30º from bow
increase rudder angle
compensate
Hughes
\( 0,734A_t V_r^2 \)
Total Resistance
of separate units
:arrow_lower_left:Less than the sum of the separate resistance
Due to shielding
Shear on main hull forward
considerable shielding
Equivalent Area
Add 30% of main hull area
to projected superestruture
Results in Transverse Projected Area
Wind force coefficient
for a given angle off bow
will be constant
for every speed
up until wave-making begins to be important
Reduce Resistance head wind
Rounding, tapering or stepping back
Fore ends
Shear on main hull
shielding effect
streamline erections
reduce up to 30%
Jeorgensen
Existence of leeway
effects wake
influence propulsive efficiency
Van Berlekom
Same magnitude
Direct wind force superestructure
Added Resistance due to waves
Yaw moment
depends on superestructure position
Leeway
:arrow_lower_left:Wind less important
Van Pepekão
Vento em cima igual a onda embaixo
:arrow_upper_right:Importa é a área
Frontal
Lateral
Longitudinal force according to angle off bow
Velocity Gradient
Only present at the Natural Wind
When at still air, no gradient
