Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Plant Parts - Coggle Diagram
Plant Parts
Roots
Shoots -> Roots
1st origin
Primary Roots
Derived from Radicle
Lateral Roots
adventitious roots
Seminal Roots
Initiates Growth
Body Plans
Apical Meristem
Behind Root Cap
Quiescent center
Pericycle
Root Hairs
Water & Mineral Absorption
Cortex
Storage area
Bound by Endo & Epidermis
Endodermis
Casparian strip
Filters water
Prevents embolism
Arrangements
Lycophytes
No root cap
No root hairs
Monocot
High diversity
Pith center
Bound by
Surrounded by
Eudicots
No Pith
Leaves
Organization
Eudicot
Veins
Xylem top - phloem bottom
bundle sheath cells
Mesophyll
Spongy
Gas exchange
Palisade
Photosynthesis
epidermis
Guard cells
Epidermal cells
Monocot
Veins surrounded by bundle sheath
Mesophyll
abaxial epidermis
Adaxial epidermis
Lycophylls
single vascular trace
Tissues
Epidermis
Epidermal cells
Vascular tissues
Phloem
Xylem
Collenchyma
Flexible support
Aerenchyma
gas exchange
air spaces from digestion
Chlorenchyma
Specialized parenchyma
Photosynthesis
Contain Chloroplasts
Zimmerman telome theroy
Euphylls
overtopping-> plantation-> webbing
Enation Theory
Lycophyte Leaves
Epidermal outgrowth
Initial Constraints
Poor water transport
No Roots
High Temps
Low Stomal Densities
Originated
Seed
origins
Primitive ovule
lobate integuments free from nucellus
More derived
Enclosed ovule
ovule evolution
evolved from shoot
innovations
heterospory
micospore
megaspore
integuments
pollen capture
nucellus
Steps
megasporangium enclosed
1st integument (telomes)
2nd integument (phyllad)
reduced to 1 megasporocyte
Meiosis
4 daughter cells
1 megaspore survives
Mitosis forms megagametophyte
retained in megasporangium
endosporic megagametophyte
megasporangium apex mod.
3 more items...
Microgametophytes
sperm
Pollen
Pollen tube delivers sperm
Angiosperm
3 celled
Generative cell
2 sperm
tube nucleus
Ovule diversity
gymnosperm
nested doll
integuments
nucellus
megaspore wall
megagametophyte
archegonium
Egg
Angiosperm
2 integuments
Megagametophyte = egg sac
double fertilization
Seeds
water free reproduction
Gymnosperms
Multiple cotyledons
Integument -> seed coat
Angiosperms
Monocot
1 cotyledons
a lot of endosperm
Eudicot
2 cotyleodns
:
Flowers
Origins
Radially symmetric
Irregularity (Bilateral symmetry)
Bisexual
Multiple whorls
Indefinite # flower parts
Reduced (definite)
Ovary superior->Inferior
Parts
Complete flower has
sepals
all sepals= calyx
Petals
all petals= corolla
combined = perianth
stamens
anther
filament
carpels
stigma
style
ovary
structure modifications
Carpel position
Superior carpel above
Inferior below
hypogynous
beneath ovary
epigynous
on top ovary
perigynous
adnate to caylx
imperfect flowers
:
pollination syndromes
major traits
color
smell
bloom time
diurnal
Nocturnal
rewards
nectar
pollen
oil
shape
Actinomorphic
radially symmetric
zygomorphic
irregular (bilateral)
Major syndromes
abiotic
Anemophily (wind)
Hydrophily (water)
Biotic
melittophily (bee)
landing pads
Psychophily (butterfly)
clustered flowers
phalenophily (moth)
white
myophily (fly)
putrid odor
ornithophily (bird)
tubular flowers
chiropterophily (bat)
large flowers, pale
cantharophily (beetle
bowl shaped
Fruits
after
ovary wall
pericarp
exocarp
outside
mesocarp
what we eat
endocarp
tough inner layer protects seed
accessory fruits
tissue beside ovary with fruit
simple
single carpel or fused carpels
aggregate
ex. rasberries
multiple
combined gynoecia/ many flowers
pineapple
parthenocarpic fruits
seedless
dispersal
wind
water
animal
active
fleshy
passive
hooks
self
gravity
Transportation
water movement
Transpiration
Water from soil to atmosphere
water potential
Based on free nrg
water moves from less neg potentials to more neg
Three components
Pressure potential
Xylem neg pressure due to tension
Osmotic potential
Difference between solution and pure solvent
Matric potential
Due to adhesion of water molecules nondissolved structures
Cohesion-tension theory
transpiration stream
evaporates out stomata
Creates water potential differnetial
Water potential gradient
Mesophyll cells-> xylem
draws water from vein
dominos water potentials
water replaced
Passes through endodermis
Pulled up stem under tension
Remains unbroken cohesion
Adhesion fights gravity
Pressure flow hypothesis
Source -> sink
Sources
sinks
Fruits
photosynthate transported
increased osmotic concentration
Decreases water potential in sieve tube
water enters sieve tube from xylem
Photosynthate moves to sink
