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Reproductive System Aubrey Menchaca P : 5 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Aubrey Menchaca P : 5
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Ovarian Cycle
- Monthly series of events associated with mature egg. Have two consecutive phases with ovulation
Follicular Phase
- Period of vesicular follicle growth
Primary oocyte of dominant follicle complete meiosis I to form secondary oocyte and first polar body
One dominant follicle becomes especially sensitive to FSH
Luteal Phase
- Period of corpus luteum activity (days 14-28)
After ovulation, ruptured follicle collapses and antrum fills with clotted blood
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen
Ovulation
- in between follicular phase, several vesicular ( Antral ) follicles become sensitive to FSH and are stimulated to grow
Follicle development
Phase 1
- Gonadotropin-independent pre-antral phase involves intrafollicular paracrines
Phase 2
- Antral phase stimulated by FSH and LH
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Uterus
- Hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ
Cervix
- narrow neck, or outlet ; projects in vagina
Uterine tubes
- also called fallopian tubes or oviducts, receive ovulated oocyte and are usual site of fertilization
Vagina
- Thin-walled tube 8-10cm in length
Ovaries
- Paired structures flank the uterus, are almond shaped and about twice as large
Mons Pubis
- Fatty area overlying pubic symphysis
Major Functions of the Reproductive system
Nurture developing
Produce egg and sperm
Produce hormones
Methods and Classifications of contraceptives
Male Sterilization
- Surgical Procedure (vasectomy)
IUD
- Placed inside uterus wall. Most Effective .2 out of 100
Female Sterilization
- Surgical Procedure (Tubes Tied). Most effective .5 out of 100
Injectables
- Injections of progesterone. Moderatly 4 out of 100
Pill
- Interfering with ovulation. Moderatly effective 8 out of 100
Withdrawl
- Pull out before ejaculation
Spermicide
- Placed inside vagina. Surgical
Internal and External Condoms
Diaphragm
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Gonorrhea
- Bacterial infection of mucosae of reproductive and urinary tracts. Symptoms - painful urination and discharge of pus from penis
Syphilis
- Bacterial infection transmitted sexually or congenitally. Symptoms - Pink skin rash and fever
Trichomoniasis
- Parasitic infection that is more common in women than men. Symptoms - 70% of women have no symptoms
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Group of 40 or more viruses is most common STI in the United States
Chlamydia
- Most common bacterial STI in the United States. Symptoms - penile and vaginal discharge and painful intercourse
Genital Herpes
- Caused by herpes simplex virus. Treatment - Antiviral drugs can reduce duration and intensity of flare ups
PID
- Pelvic inflammatory disease in an infection of a women's reproductive organs. Symptoms - Pain in lower abdomen and unusual discharge
Hormones of the reproductive system
Progesterone
- ( females ) act at target tissues in body. Exert negative feedback on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Testosterone
- ( males )
Estrogen
-
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRh )
Released from hypothalamus reaches anterior pituitary. cells via hypophyseal portal system
Follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH )
- and
Luteinizing hormone ( LH )
- gonadotropins released from anterior pituitary
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Scrotum
- Sac and skin and superficial fascia. 3c lower than core body temperature
Sperm cord
- Encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, ad lymphatics that supply testes
Testes
- Sperm-producing male gonads that lie within the scrotum
Ductus Deferens
- Passes through inguinal canal to pelvic cavity and joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
Penis
- Male copulatory organ
Prostate
- Encircles urethra inferior to bladder
Seminal glands
- Produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid