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Bryman's Social Research Methods - Coggle Diagram
Bryman's Social Research Methods
CHAPTER 1 THE NATURE AND PROCESS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH
1.2 Social research: what is it and why do it?
research method vs.
methodology
wider
Why do social research?
What is ‘social research’?
1.3 The context of social research methods
Theory and its role in research
Quan research + hypothesis
qual reserach
Existing knowledge: the literature
Epistemological and ontological questions
epistemological
entological
interpretivist
Values, ethics, and politics
questionnaires
1.4 The main elements of social research
stage + description of the stage
literature review
concepts and theories
approaches
deductive
inductive
research question(s)
guiding research design
impacts the next steps
Sampling cases
sample
sampling
survey
representative samples
population
data collection
self-completion questionnaire
structured interview
participant observation
semi-structures interviewing
data analysis
coding
text + codes
secondary analysis
writing up
1) Introduction
2) Literature review
3) Research methods
4) Results
5) Discussion
6) Conclusion
1.5 The messiness of social research
"things do not always go to plan. We must be prepared
as social researchers, to reflect and modify our ideas and rise to the challenge." p. 91, 92
CHAPTER 2 SOCIAL RESEARCH STRATEGIES QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
2.2 Theory and research
What type of theory?
functionalism
symbolic interactionism
empiricism
deductive approach
hypothesis
concepts
variables
Theory 2. Hypothesis 3. Data collection 4. Findings 5. Hypothesis confirmed or rejected 6. Revision of theory
inductive approach
Observations/Findings - 2. Theory
grounded theory
insightful empirical generalizations
field notes
semi-structured interviews
abductive reasoning
considering deduction and induction together
2.3 Epistemological considerations
positivism
realism
critical realism
interpretivism
hermeneutics and 'Verstehen'
causal explanation
phenomenology
symbolic interactionism
the process of interpretation
participant observation
2.4 Ontological considerations
ontology
objectivism
'objective entities that exist separately to social actors (people)' (p. 134)
constructionism
"social constructions that have been and continue to be built up from the perceptions and actions of social actors." (p. 134)
properties
discourse analysis
intersectionality
feminism
Ontology and social research
2.5 Research strategy: quantitative and qualitative research
mixed methods research
case study
focus group
2.6 Further influences on how we conduct social research
Values
Value-free approach
the reflexive approach
choice of research area
formulation of research question (s)
choice of method
formulation of research design and data-collection techniques
implementation of data collection
analysis of data
interpretation of data
conclusions
the conscious partiality approach
Practical considerations
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGNS
research design
causal connections
variables
constant
properties
interval/ratio variables
ordinal variables
nominal variables
dichotomous variables
research method
techniques for data collection
3.2 Quality criteria in social research
reliability
replication
validity
measurement validity
internal validity
causality
relationship
independent variable
dependent variable
external validity
representative samples
ecological validity
inferential validity
The relationship between quality criteria and research strategy
CHAPTER 5 REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
narrative review
outlining the theory
research relating to your field of interest
author decides about the in/exclusion criteria
organized around concepts
why?
quantitative research
relationship between variables
positive and negative relatioships
research methods and designs used for studying it
systematic review
replicable, scientific and transparent process
exhaustive literature searches
meta-analysis
includes only quantitative studies
meta-enthnography
includes only qual studies
steps
research design
quality criteria
evaluating the systematic review
systematic review is not suitable for all areas of literature