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Observation - Coggle Diagram
Observation
distance
earth diameter
earth-sun distance
parallax (1pc -- 1 arcsec)
secular and statistical parallax: due to the Sun's motion
standard candles
Ia SNe
indivdual objects like variables
ensembles of stars: like kenematics
Hubble Constant: v=Hr(H~70km/s/Mpc)
distance ladder
age
HR diagram of clusters or single star
rotation period becomes longer when older
stellar spectrum: Li abundance
galaxy "main sequence"
1000 solar per 200 years
the universe age: 1/H
mass
G: by experiments o earth
solar mass: M=a^3/P^2
planet: by the barycenter of thesolar-planet system
virial theorem: GM/R ~ σ^2
dark matter
size
size = distance * angular
luminosity: L=f*4πr^2
effective tempature: L=4πr^2
σ
T^4
planet transit
orbital perod and radial velocity
the universe size: r=c/H
temperature
kinetic
effective T
photometric magnitudes => color temperature
excitation and ionization
composition
atomic
extinction
neutral hydrogen
structure
seismology
asteroseismology
magnetic field
synchrotron radiation
polarization
Signal to Noise Ratio
error
accuracy
percision
systematic and random error
possion distribution
long exposure to boost SNR
math
error propagation
confidence interval
Motion
proper motion
doppler shift
environment
multiple stars and clusters
ISM and IGM
Position
Dec-RA to pixel size
morphology
the hubble tuning fork