"evidence the particular employment realities for this group, including the dominance of self-employed, freelance or contract work, small-medium businesses, frequent periods of underemployment, multiple job holding in portfolio style careers, high levels of education and training and lower rates of pay than the general employment sector (Towse 2001, 2006; Luftig et al. 2003; Bain 2005; Bennett 2010; Throsby and Zednik 2010, 2011; Haukka 2011; Bridgstock 2013; Brook 2013; Carroll 2013; Iyengar 2013; Markusen 2013; Zazzali 2013; Le, Jogulu, and Rentschler 2014; Lena and Lindemann 2014; Ashton 2015)."(Daniel et al. 1016)