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cultural domain - Coggle Diagram
cultural domain
Empirical Evidence and Interpretation
Degree of self-enhancement bias across cultures.
Individual variations within cultures.
Anonymity study supporting cultural differences.
Distinctive Personality Profiles Across Cultures
Study by McCrae and colleagues on personality profiles in 51 cultures.
Largest difference found in extraversion scores between Americans/Europeans and Asians/Africans.
Examination of stereotypes vs. actual personality traits.
Personality Variations Within Cultures
Sources of within-culture variations: socioeconomic class, historical era, racial context.
Influence of social class on personality traits: emphasis on obedience vs. self-direction.
Within-culture variations receive less attention.
Intracultural Differences
Illustration of individualism-collectivism distribution within cultures.
Importance of treating individuals as individuals first.
More variation among individuals within a culture than between cultures.
Effects of Historical Era on Personality
Examples: Great Depression, sexual revolution, age of the Internet.
Challenges in disentangling historical era effects on personality.
Impact of historical events on personality development.
Beliefs about Personality Characteristics of Men and Women
Consensus across cultures regarding traits associated with men and women.
Interpretation: stereotypes vs. actual differences in personality.
Williams and Best's extensive cross-cultural study on beliefs about gender traits.
Expression of Emotion
Ekman's experiments demonstrating universal recognition and expression of basic emotions.
Evidence for cultural universals in emotions from Darwin to contemporary research.
Common belief in cultural variability of emotional experience.
Language and Emotion
Debate over the role of language in shaping emotional experience.
Pinker's argument against linguistic relativity and in favor of universal emotional experiences.
Ekman's experiment on public vs. private expression of emotion supporting universality.