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Glaciology - Coggle Diagram
Glaciology
Mass Balance and Loss
Contextual Importance
Large glacierised drainage basins hold 1/3 global pop (Huss and Hock, 2018)
45% of glacierised basins globally have already reached 'peak water' (Huss and Hock, 2018)
By 2100, maximum seasonal discharge will have decr for 93% of the basins studied, versus 1990-2010 average. (Huss and Hock, 2018)
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Mass Balance Models
Degree Day Models
Degree Day Factor (DDF) calc as linear relationship b/w observations of surface melt and air temps over a melt season
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Implicitly accounts for physical processes creating melt, like insolation levels. So can be said to be a 'black box' approach which factors in the Stefan-Boltzmann Law
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Energy Balance Models
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Energy available for melt = Shortwave solar flux + Longwave thermal flux + Sensible heat flux + Latent heat flux + Ground heat flux
Sensible and latent heat fluxes are the 'turbulent fluxes' calc from observed wind speeds, humidity, temp etc
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Once Qm found, can calc albedo
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Monitoring
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Even for RCP 2.6, all glaciated regions projected to reach peak runoff before 2050 (Marzeion et al., 2020)
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