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Y1 Light - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Higher
        
        Same
        
        Lower
    - - Decreases
        
        Same
        
        Increases
    - - Toward the normal
        
        Straight, 90* perpendicular to the surface of the medium
        
        Away from normal
  - - - Incident Ray, Refracted Ray and Normal Line all lie in the same plane.
    - - sin r : sin i is a constant
- - - - Effects of refraction
        
        Colours are called the spectrum of white light (many different frequencies)
        
        Red
        
        Orange
        
        Yellow
        
        Green
        
        Blue
        
        Indigo
        
        Violet
        
        Light travels at different speeds within the glass prism
  - - - The reflected wavelengths are the ones we see in colour
    - - A blue filter absorbs all other colours except blue light.
- - - - Ray of light travelling toward the mirror is called the Incident Ray .
      - An imaginary line at the perpendicular right angles to the plane surface is called the Normal Line.
      - Ray of light travelling away from the mirror is called the Reflected Ray.
      - Angle between Incident Ray and Normal Line is called the Angle of Incidence (i).
      - Angle between Reflected Ray and Normal Line is called the Angle of Reflection (r).
      - Angle of Incidence (i) = Angle of reflection (r)
    - - 1st Law of Reflection
        
        Incident Ray, Reflected Ray and Normal Line at the Point of Incidence all lie in the same plane.
      - 2nd Law of Reflection
        
        Angle of Incidence (i) = Angle of reflection (r)
  - - - Image formed is called a virtual image
    - - Virtual
      - Upright
      - Laterally inverted
      - Same size as object
      - Distance from object to mirror = Distance from virtual image to mirror
    - - Plane mirrors
        
        Flat and smooth
        
        Image formed has the 5 characteristics above
        
        HERE
        
        --->
        
        Rearview mirror in car
        
        Helps driver to see traffic behind
        
        Plane mirror on the wall makes a room look bigger
        
        Periscopes in buses helps driver to see upper deck passengers
        
        Vision testing, mirrors used to make letters and numbers bigger than they are
        
        Mirrors placed under pointers on instrument scales to help viewers avoid parallax error
      - Curved mirrors
        
        Concave
        
        Causes light rays to converge at a point in front of the mirror after reflection
        
        Smaller field of view
        
        Object placed in front of the mirror, image is
        
        Upright
        
        Magnified
        
        Useful as a dentist's mirror
        
        Convex
        
        Causes light rays to diverge after reflection
        
        Wider field of view
        
        Object placed in front of the mirror, image is
        
        Upright
        
        Smaller than actual object
        
        More things can be seen
        
        Useful as security mirrors/drivers to help with blind spots on the road
  - - - Formed when light hits a rough, uneven surface
      - Due to the uneven surface, there are many different angles of incidence
      - Light is reflected off the surface at different angles
      - Image is blurry or difficult to see
    - - Formed when light hits a smooth, even surface
      - Due to the smooth surface, light rays are reflected off as parallel rays
      - Image is clear and undistorted