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Pulmonary Disorders, OBSTRUCTIVE DISORDERS In GREEN, RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY…
Pulmonary Disorders
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Asthma
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Different etiologies,
multifactorial genetics
Allergies, occupational exposure, viral Infections, GERD (especially nocturnal asthma), exercise- Induced
Mild Intermittent:
symptoms occur fewer than two times a week, attack Is brief
Mild persistent:
occur more than twice a week, not as often as daily
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Status Asthmaticus
can be fatal
decrease arterial oxygen, Increase carbon dioxide
persisten bronchoconstriction
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Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
air In the pleural cavity causes collapse of a large section or whole lobe of lung tissue
chest pain, dyspnea and Increased respiratory rate
chest asymmetry, Intercostal muscle retraction
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Traumatic: penetrating wound of thoracic cage pleural membrane
opening between the pleural cavity and outside atmosphere created
compress lung tissue
Tension: build-up of air within lung compress the lung, bronchioles, cardiac structures, vena cava. Closed penetrating wound allows air into pleural cavity=not out (life threatening)
Iatrogenic:medical procedure complication
transthoracic needle aspiration
Bronchiectasis
Uncommon disease
untreated infections lead to chronic inflammation
and dilatation of the bronchi (pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, adenovirus, influenza, aspergillus
Bronchiole wall destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissue
Bronchioles irreversibly dilated
patients present persistent cough, purulent sputum, reduced PTFs
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Plural Effusion
abnormal collection of fluid In pleural cavity
fluid accumulation because of heart failure
severe pulmonary Infection, neoplasm
thoracentesis
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Dyspnea, tachypnea
sharp chest pain
dullness to percussion
diminished breath sounds
area of effusion
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Pulmonary Embolus
Clot that has traveled and lodged In pulmonary arterial circulation
DVT from low extremity
atrial thrombus
Obstruction of blood flow to lung
presentation Is vague, no warning
death
anticoagulant treatment, clot buster, Inferior vena cava filter
Pulmonary Hypertension
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Secondary: Increased pulmonary artery pressure as a result of other factors
xray, echo, doppler ultrasound
treatment Is vasodilators
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Pulmonary Edema
Most common cause LV Failure (LVF)
LV cannot eject blood forward
blood accumulates In LA and pulmonary circulation
Increased hydrostatic pressure In pulmonary capillaries results In pulmonary edema
severe respiratory distress
chest xray for diagnosis
treatment by decreasing pulmonary hydrostatic pressure by treating LVF
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