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psychology 1.2 - Coggle Diagram
psychology 1.2
aim & hypothesis
alternative hypothesis
is an effect of the IV on the DV
one-tailed (directional) hypothesis
predicts the direcion of the difference (more/less)
null hypothesis
no effect of the IV on the DV
research question
a question that the study aims to anwer
research aim
investigates the purpose of the research
two-tailed (non-directional) hypothesis
only predicts if there will be a difference
populations & sampling
snowball sampling
ppts asked to find sample
opportunity sampling
anyone who is available and agrees to take part in the study can be involved
random sampling
every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected
self-selected/volunteer sampling
participants volunteer to take part in the study
target population & sample
target population = the people who are relavent to the study and can be selected for the sample
sample = ppts involved in the study
designing observations
coding frames
placing qualitative data into categories
time sampling
when reasearcher collects data at intervals e.g. every 20 secs
behavioural categories
classing behaviour into categories to look for
event sampling
when researcher continuously collects data
experimental designs
independent measures
when ppts take part in one condition
matched pairs
when ppts are separated into categories with other similar ppts to take part
repeated measures
when ppts take part in all of the conditions
variables & operationalising
DV
what you observe
controlling extraneous variables
extraneous variables = variables outside of your control e.g. temperature
IV
what you manipulate
designing self-reports
closed questions
rating scales
likert
semantic differerential rating scale
open questions