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biological rhythms - Coggle Diagram
biological rhythms
circadian rhythms
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sleep/wake cycle
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1) suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) an example of endogenous pacemaker, found in hypothalamus which is connected to the visual cortex. is a tiny bundle of fibres that receives information about light- exogenous
4) exogenous Zeitgebers; including light do impact and reset the exogenous zeitgeber as light receptors on the retina send signals to the SCN
evaluation
supporting evidence from siffre who spent long periods underground to study his effects on biological rhythms. spent 2 months in a cave in the Alps and in the absence of natural light he length of the sleep/wake cycle was just beyond 24 hours. suggests endogenous pacemakers are more important than maintaining circadian rhythms than exogenous zeitgebers
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infradian
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menstrual cycle
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FSH
folicle stimulating hormone, leads to the production of oestrogen and progesterone which thickens and maintains uterus lining
LH
lutenizing hormone, triggers ovulation
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during each cycle rising levels if oestrogen cause the ovary to develop an egg and release it (ovulation). after ovulation, the hormone progesterone helps the womb lining to grow thicker, readying the body for pregnancy. if pregnancy does not occur the egg is absorbed into the body, the womb lining sheds (menstrual flow)
evaluation
evidence to support. studied 29 women with history of irregular periods. found that 68% of women experienced changes to their cycle which brought them closer to the cycle of their 'odour donor'.
ultradian
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sleep stages
there are 5 stages that make up a typical nights sleep. each complete cycle takes from 90 to 110 minutes and a full nights sleep has 4 or 5 cycles
length of time in each stage varies according to how far through the nights sleep the sleeper is, their age and how tired they are
stage 1 and stage 2
relaxed state, easily woken, heart rate slows, temp drops. little eye movement and muscles become more relaxed
stages 3 and 4
growth hormone produced, not easily woken. almost no eye movement, muscles completely relaxed
REM sleep
brain and eyes active but body paralysed. stage of sleep where we dream and enables brain recovery/restoration
move from stages 1,2,3,4 and back to stage 2 then experience REM sleep. periods of REM sleep get longer as the night progresses
evaluation
strength- evidence support. monitored sleep patterns of 9 ptpts . found by EEG that REM activity was highly correlated with dreaming. also woke up ptpts at different stages of sleep and found that ptpts frequently described dreams in the REM cycle but not in the nREM cycle.
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entrainment
process of aligning the internal body clock (endogenous pacemaker) to external cues (exogenous zeitgeber). this is important in regulating the body's biological rhythms