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Foundations of group behaviors, , , , - Coggle Diagram
Foundations of group behaviors
Defining and classifying groups
Group: two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have comw together to achive particular objectives
Formal group: A designated work group defined by an organization’s structure
Informal group: A group that is not defined by an org's structure, such a group appears in response to other needs, such as social clubs or interest groups
Social identity theory: Perspective that considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups
Rational identification: when we connect with others because of our roles
Collective identification: when we connect with aggregate characteristics of our groups
Organizational identification: In workplace, our identification with our groups is stronger than with our org.
Ingroups: Social catergorization processes can sometimes lead people to think of people who share their social identity
Outgroups: people from different groups
Ingroups vs Outgroups
Norms
Norm and emotion
People grow to interpret their share emotions in same way
Norm and behavior
individual emotion effect group emotion
Norm and culture
Positive and negative norm bring different results
Group decision making
Strenghts
More complete information and knowledge
Diversity of viewa
More solutions
Weakness
Time consuming
Conformity pressures
Dominance of a few members
Ambiguous responsibility
Types of group decision making
Group think: group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.
Groupshift: a change between a group’s decision and an individual decision that a member within the group would make.
Interacting groups: meet face-to-face and rely on both verbal and nonverbal interaction
Roles
Role conflict
A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations
Role perception
the way others believe you should act in a given context
Role expectations
the way others believe you should act in a given context
Status and size
Status
Definition
A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.
status characteristics theory
A theory stating that differences in status characteristics create status hierarchies within groups.
Status and norms
High status individuals: more freedom to deviate from norms
Status and group interaction
High status people
Status inequity
Resentment and corrective
Size
Larger groups
If the goal is fact-finding or idea-generating, then larger groups should be more effective
Smaller group
Smaller groups of about seven members are better if the goal is performance and productivity and for “transformational” leadership tech- niques to be most effect (see the chapter on leadership)
social loafing
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.
Groups cohesion
Shared bond driving members to work together and stay inthe group
