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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
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PHOBIAS
DSM-5 categories of phobia:
SOCIAL ANXIETY: phobia of social situations such as public speaking or using a public toilet
SPECIFIC PHOBIA: phobia of an object, such as an animal or body part, or a situation such as flying or having an injection
AGORAPHOBIA: phobia of being outside or in a public place
EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOBIAS:
ANXIETY
- phobias are classed as anxiety disorders
- by definition they involve an emotional response of anxiety, an unpleasant state of high arousal
- this prevents a person relaxing and makes it very difficult to experience any positive emotion.
FEAR
- fear is the immediate and extremely unpleasant response we experience when we encounter or think about a phobic stimulus.
- it is usually more intense but experience for shorter periods than anxiety
EMOTIONAL RESPONSE IS UNREASONABLE
- the anxiety or fear is much greater than is normal and disproportionate to any threat posed.
COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOBIAS:SELECTIVE ATTENTION TO THE PHOBIC STIMULUS
- if a person can see the phobic stimulus it is hard to look away from
- keeping our attention on something really dangerous is a good thing as it gives us the best chance of reacting quickly to a threat, but is not so useful when the fear is irrational.
IRRATIONAL BELIEFS
- may hold unfounded thoughts in relation to phobic stimuli e.g that can't be easily explained and don't have any basis in reality.
COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS
- The perceptions of a person with a phobia may be inaccurate and unrealistic
BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOBIAS:
- we respond to fear by behaving in particular ways and by feeling high levels of anxiety and trying to escape
PANIC
- a person with a phobia may panic in response to the presence of the phobic stimulus
AVOIDANCE
- unless the person is making a conscious effort to face their fear they tend to go to a lot of effort to prevent coming into contact with the phobic stimulus, which can make it hard to go about daily life
ENDURANCE
- the alternative behavioural response to avoidance.
- occurs when the person chooses to remain in the presence of the phobic stimulus.
DEPRESSION
DSM-5 categories of depression: all forms of depression and depressive disorders are characterised by changed to mood.
Major depressive disorder - severe but often short term depression
persistent depressive disorder - long term or recurring depression, including sustained major depression
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder - childhood temper tantrums
premenstrual dysphoric disorder - disruption to mood prior to and/or during menstruation
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