S.1(1) DA 2013 introduced requirement that the defamatory statement must have caused, or be likely to cause, serious damage to the claimant’s reputation - tried ti reduce the number of cliaments to stop jokes and insults etc, and this protected the freedom of expression.
DEFENCES: s2 DA - truth is being told , s3 DA honest opinion, s4 DA responsible publication on matter of public importance out weighs the claim , absolute privilege- certain areas eg parliamentary proceedings like hansard- having immunity bc of the absolute prevliage eg what is said lawyer to client , qualified privilege- broader than absolute & offer of amends - speedy remedy s3 provides a procedure asa writeten amends along with money compensation