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amazon case study 
A systems approach
The global water cycle is a closed system. There is no loss or gain in water as it is cycled between the major stores. However, the Amazon rainforest is an open system – it receives inputs of water and carbon from outside the system and there are outputs from the system. However, the dynamic equilibrium of these stores are being disrupted by humans.
the amazon as a negative system- rainforests have seen rising productivity due to increased C02 concentrations in the atmosphere. The higher the productivity, the more growth, the more carbon taken out of the atmosphere.
The amazon as a positive system- Forests pull in large amounts of water vapor from surrounding regions and from nearby bodies of water. As the vapor condenses into rain, the local atmospheric pressure drops. Which sucks in more water vapor from outside the forest. Which repeats the process. Creating a positive feedback loop
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solutions
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Over half of the Brazilian Amazon is now part of national parks or indijenous lands. For example, the Para Rainforest reserve preserves 15 million ha of rainforest.
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Brazil refused to source cattle from ranches within 10km od deorestation. This foreced the cattle industry to improve its practises
The Brazilian space agency have launched a saterlight which moneters change in forest in real time, producing a report on deforestation hotsports for law inforcement every 2 weeks. It is estimated that this has prevented the deforestation of 59000 square km of rainforest between 2007 and 2011
Selective logging is less damaging to the forest than clearing huge spaces. If only a few trees are taken from each area the forest structure is kept and the soil will not be exposed. This means the forest is able to regenerate, so the impact on the carbon and water cycle is small.
Replanting- new trees are planted to replace the ones that are cut down. For example, Peru plans on restore 3.2million hecters of forest by 2020.
fun facts lolz
The basin is the world's largest rainforest and one of the most biodiverse its 300 billion trees and 15,000 species star 1/5 of all the carbon in the planets biomass.
Presenty a carbon sink, absorbing 35% of the worlds annual carbon emmisions.
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affects of change
The particals released from burning creates condensation nuclei which cater vapour clings to. This creates many but small clouds with not enough water to precipitate, meaning there is less local rain
Brazil is the worlds 4th largest climate polluter with 75% of their greenhouse gas emissions attributed to deforestation and land use change
a 2 dagree temperiture rise above pre industrial levels will see 20-40% of the Amazon die offf within 100 years
The capacity of thr Amazon rainforest to absorb carbon is declining. In the 1990s it drew down over 2 billion tons of C02 overy years but in 2015 it decreased to 1 bllion.
the newly deforested areas are dark in coulder with a low albedo. This means that the ground will absorb the suns radiation, making the area hotter rather than reflecting it.
the exess carbon in the atmosphere causes trees to have a growth spurt, they grow quickly and therfore die quicker.. This reduces the capacity of the rainforest to absorb energy
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