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TRANSPORT SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - exchange between blood and cells
      - one cell thick
    - - carries blood towards the heart
      - characteristics
        
        thinner than artery
        
        less muscular
        
        wide lumen
        
        has semilunar valves
        
        prevent backflow
    - - characteristics
        
        thicker than vein
        
        muscular
        
        narrow lumen
        
        elastic wall
        
        withstand high pressure
      - carries blood away from the heart
  - - - plasma
        
        transports dissolved substances around the body
        
        consists of
        
        90% water
        
        dissolved proteins
        
        dissolved mineral salts
        
        dissolved nutrients
        
        dissolved waste products
      - red blood cells
        
        transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
        
        structural adaptations
        
        contains haemoglobin
        
        binds to oxygen
        
        no nucleus
        
        more space for more haemoglobin to carry more oxygen
        
        biconcave shape
        
        increases surface area to volume ratio for faster diffusion of oxygen
        
        flexible cell surface membrane
        
        allows red blood cells to bend to move through the narrow capillaries
      - white blood cells
        
        protects the body against harmful organisms
        
        types
        
        lymphocyte
        
        produces antibodies
        
        phagocyte
        
        engulfs and digest bacteria
      - platelets
        
        triggers a series of chemical reactions to form a blood clot to prevent excessive bleeding
- - - - the difference in concentration between two regions
        
        the steeper the concentration gradient, the higher the rate of diffusion
    - - the higher the temperature, the higher the rate of diffusion
    - - the higher the mass of particle, the lower the rate of diffusion
    - - it is faster through a gas than a liquid and almost impossible through a solid
    - - the larger the surface area to ratio, the faster the rate of diffusion
- - - - thick, lignified walls
        
        provide mechanical support
      - hollow lumen
        
        allow water to pass through without obstruction
      - narrow lumen
        
        allow water to pass through quickly