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sports psychology - Factors, sports psychology-theories, motivation,…

- - - - We need the appropriate level of arousal / activation for the action we are to perform (known as optimal arousal).
      - The effects of arousal can be either positive or negative.
      - High arousal can cause us to worry & become anxious, which is negative if it isn’t controlled.
      - Raising arousal level can also cause a state of ‘readiness’ to perform – this is largely a positive aspect & can enhance performance.
- - - - thrive on a challenge. They are usually determined, quick workers who take risks and enjoy being assessed. Most sports people fall into this group.
    - - avoid challenges because they do not want to risk failing. They are slow workers who avoid responsibility, are easily dissuaded from taking part and do not like being assessed.
  - - - .
        
        Sometimes called Mastery Orientation
        
        level of challenge, & effort
        
        High interest/curiosity in task, appropriate
        
        Premium is placed on learning
        
        Focus is on improving ability
        
        Success = improvement
    - - Success = being better than others; winning
        
        Focuses on proving ability
        
        Low interest, low curiosity, low challenge level
        
        Sometimes called Social Comparison Orientation
  - - - .
        
        • Autonomy is feeling that you have control over your own actions.
        
        • Competence is having a perception that you possess adequate ability.
        
        • Relatedness is having a sense that you belong (to the group, coach or sport).
- - - - Key component is performer’s level of skill & sees the relationship between arousal & performance as linear: performance increases in proportion to arousal.
        
        A very high arousal level would result in a high performance level, provided skill is well-learned.
        However, if the skill is not well-learned, performance of skill will deteriorate as arousal increases.
    - - This law states that arousal improves performance up to an optimal point. Past this point, performance begins to decrease. When drawn on a graph this appears as an upside down U shape.
    - - Performance increases as phys arousal increases but when arousal gets too high, performance dramatically decreases (catastrophe). This is caused by the performer becoming too anxious. Only happens with high cognitive anxiety also present.