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MOUNT PINATUBO, What they actually did:, What they should have done:, OIP,…
MOUNT PINATUBO
date and location
Mount Pinatubo[4] is an active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains, located on the tripoint boundary of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac and Pampanga, all in Central Luzon on the northern island of Luzon.
Pinatubo is most notorious for its VEI-6 eruption on June 15, 1991
the tectonic plates
It is located at the plate boundary between to the Eurasian and Philippine Plate. It is one of a chain of volcanoes known as the Luzon volcanic arc, which is the result of the Oceanic Philippine plate being subducted under the lighter Continental Eurasian plate.
causes
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The Volcano is slightly offset from the plate boundary as, when the Oceanic plate is subducted it is melted and forced away as molten magma by the high pressures exerted on it. It then resurfaces as the density of the molten magma becomes lower than that of the rock, and so it pushes it up through the small cracks and explodes out through a volcano.
what happened during, right before and after the eruption?
After two months of emissions and small explosions, a series of major explosions began on June 12. These explosions reached a peak on June 14–16, producing a column of ash and smoke more than 28 miles (40 km) high, with rock debris falling the same distance from the volcano.
The resulting heavy ashfalls left about 100,000 people homeless, forced thousands more to flee the area, and caused 300 deaths.
In the weeks after the eruption, hundreds more died as a result of disease in evacuation camps. The ashfalls forced the evacuation and eventual closing of U.S.-leased Clark Air Force Base, 10 miles (16 km) east of the volcano.
effects
Social effects
58,000people had to be evacuated from a 30km radius of the volcano. Ectricity went off, water was contaminated, road links were destroyed, and telephone links were cut.
847 people lost their lives, 300 killed by collapsing roofs and 100 from the mud flows known as lahars, the rest from disease in the evacuation centres including measles
1.2 million people lost their homes around the volcano and had to migrate to shanty towns in Manila.
Economic effects
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Farmland destroyed by falling ash and pumice, unusable for years, the 1991 harvest was destroyed and 650,000 people lost their jobs
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Environmental effects
Volcanic ash is blown in all directions over hundreds of KMs, smothering fields and buildings.
Fast flowing volcanic mudflows (lahars) cause sever river bank erosion, undercut bridges etc.
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The management attempted
Prediction
75,000 people were evacuated due to accurate predictions. There was no monitoring until the 3rd of April but seismometers were put into place.
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Set up permanent monitoring points or use satellite images to look upon volcano site for changes in land surface.
Prevention
75,000 people evacuated up to a radius of 30km. USA air force helicopters helped.
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Preparation
Evacuation camps built for refugees.
Warning sign like gas and steam looked for. Long and short term aid organized especially from the Red Cross and the United States
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