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Telescope - Coggle Diagram

- - - - refraction and reflection
      - Focus(foci)
        
        $$ S = F tan(\theta)\approx F \theta$$
      - Lens
        
        Prime focus
        
        and R-C (Ritchey-Chrétien)Cassegrain
        
        Newtonian
        
        Gregorian
        
        Schmidt-Cassegrain
        
        Schmidt Camera
      - Focus
        
        Primary
        
        Cassegrain
        
        Nasmyth
        
        Coude
      - Diameter
    - - Equatorial
      - alt-az
- - - - FWHM
      - Diffraction(衍射）
      - Airy Disk $$\theta_{min}\approx1.22\frac{\lambda}{d}$$
      - Rayleigh Criterion and Angular Resolution
      - Gaussian PSF
        
        $$ 2.35\times\sigma$$
  - - - $$ P_s=\frac{\theta}{S} = \frac{1}{F}$$
      - Limiting Magnitude
        
        $$m_v = m_v'+5lg\frac{D}{d_{eye}}+2.3lgk$$
        
        $$m_v'=2.1mag+5lgD (D@mm)$$
        
        $$m_{film}=-2.5log_{10}D+2.5log_{10}t+C$$
      - Focal Ratio
        
        $$E~~D^2$$$$Perarea~~S^2~~F^2$$
        
        $$R=\frac{F}{D}$$written as f/[R] e.g f/2.8
        
        f/R small f/R = fast exposure and smaller plate scale
      - FOV
        
        $$FOV=2tan^{-1}(\frac{\omega}{2f})$$
        
        Vera Rubin
- - - - Poisson Distribution
      - $$Longer~~ \rightarrow greater~~ SNR$$

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Telescope

Telescope

Basic

Assumptions and basic setup

Optics and mounts

Aberrations

Performance

PSF, angular resolution

Light gathering power, plate scale, focal ratio, etc.

SNR

Composition of Detection

SNR and exposure time

Longer ,more photons

parallel rays of light

Point source

Optics

refraction and reflection

Focus(foci)

$S = F tan(\theta)\approx F \theta$

Lens

Prime focus

and R-C (Ritchey-Chrétien)Cassegrain

Newtonian

Gregorian

Schmidt-Cassegrain

Schmidt Camera

Focus

Primary

Cassegrain

Nasmyth

Coude

Mount

Equatorial

alt-az

click to edit

Diameter

Chromatic

Spherical

Coma ＆ Astigmatism （off axes）

Field curvature

Vignetting

Target

More photons/Fine details

Plate Sclae

$$ P_s=\frac{\theta}{S} = \frac{1}{F}$$

Limiting Magnitude

$$m_v = m_v'+5lg\frac{D}{d_{eye}}+2.3lgk$$

$$m_v'=2.1mag+5lgD (D@mm)$$

$$m_{film}=-2.5log_{10}D+2.5log_{10}t+C$$

Focal Ratio

$$E~~D^2$$$$Perarea~~S^2~~F^2$$

$$R=\frac{F}{D}$$written as f/[R] e.g f/2.8

f/R small f/R = fast exposure and smaller plate scale

FOV

$$FOV=2tan^{-1}(\frac{\omega}{2f})$$

Vera Rubin

Point Spread Function

FWHM

Diffraction(衍射）

Airy Disk $$\theta_{min}\approx1.22\frac{\lambda}{d}$$

Rayleigh Criterion and Angular Resolution

Gaussian PSF

$$ 2.35\times\sigma$$

Adaptive Optics

seeing

Signal ＆ Noise

Poisson Distribution

$$Longer~~ \rightarrow greater~~ SNR$$