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Trypanosoma brucei - Coggle Diagram
Trypanosoma brucei
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Treatment
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Ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, eflornithine
appears capable, when used
alone,or in combination with suramin,
of curing CNS disease
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Morphology
During their passage through insect and vertebrate hosts, flagellates undergo developmental
change. Trypanosoma exists in two forms: Epimastigotes and Trypomastigotes
Epimastigote/ Promastigote- These protozoa are motile and fusiform and have a blunt
posterior end and a pointed anterior end from which a single flagellum projects. They measure 15 to 30 μm in length and 1.5 to 4.0 μm in width
Other forms include: metacyclic trypomastigotes, bloodstream trypomastigotes, procyclic
trypomastigotes
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Lifecycle
During a blood meal on the mammalian host, an infected tsetse fly (genus Glossina) injects metacyclic trypomastigotes into skin tissue.
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Inside the host, they transform into bloodstream
trypomastigotes , are carried to other sites throughout the body, reach other body fluids (e.g., lymph, spinal fluid),
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The tsetse fly becomes infected with bloodstream trypomastigotes when taking a blood meal on an infected mammalian host ,
In the fly’s midgut, the parasites transform into
procyclic trypomastigotes, multiply by binary fission , leave the midgut, and transform into epimastigotes .
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Rarely, T. b. gambiense may be acquired congenitally if the mother is infected during prengency
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lntroduction
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• “African trypanosomes” or “Old World trypanosomes” are protozoan hemoflagellates of the genus Trypanosoma, in the subgenus Trypanozoon
. African trypanosomiasis is a highly lethal meningoencephalitis transmitted to humans by bloodsucking flies of the genus Glossina.
Two subspecies that are morphologically indistinguishable cause distinct disease patterns in humans:
o T. brucei gambiense, causing chronic African trypanosomiasis (“West African) or Gambian (chronic) sleeping sickness”)
o T. brucei. rhodesiense, causing acute African trypanosomiasis (“East African) or Rhodesian (acute) sleeping sickness”)
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other animals, and under normal conditions does not infect humans.
Lab Diagnosis
• Subspecies-specific DNA probes may prove useful for the identification of organisms in clinical specimens.
• A card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT), which can be performed on fingerstick blood, can provide serologic confirmation within minutes.
• Patient may be screened for elevated levels of IgM in the blood and spinal fluid or specific trypanosomal antibodies by a variety of techniques.
• Early in the disease, actively motile organisms can often be seen in a simple wet mount preparation smear.
• Microscopic examination of lymph node aspirates, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid for the presence of trypomastigotes.
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