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An Experiment With An Air Pump - Coggle Diagram
An Experiment With An Air Pump
Epistemology (source of knowledge and understanding)
"To Enlightenment thinkers...the methods of science -- skepticism, fallibilism, open debate, and empirical testing -- are a paradigm of how to achieve reliable knowledge." Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now
Gender Roles
Human Progress (social and scientific)
"Although history does not repeat itself, it may rhyme" Ian Goldin, EWAAP critic
"Progress in science and society is a tapestry than cannot be unpicked through simple periodisation" EWAAP critic Ian Goldin.
"Optimism (in the sense that I have advocated) is the theory that all failiures -- all evils -- are due to insufficient knowledge...Problems are inevitable, because our knowledge will always be infinitely far from complete." David Deutsch
The Beginning of Infinity
Humanity's "proper destiny lies precisely in such progress...extending their insights, increasing their knowledge, and purging their errors" Imannuel Kant 1784
What is Enlightenment?
Holistic treatments for human progress are criticised, humanism and its individualist treatment of morality and progress endorsed.
Ethical and Moral Implications of Scientific Advancement
"The physicists have known sin....and this is a knowledge which they cannot lose" J Robert Oppenheimer
"Belongs to a class of plays that dramatise the moral dilemmas of science" James Sheff
Enlightenment vs. Romanticism (binary)
Enlightenment Values (Endorse, Qualify, Renounce)
Reason
"insistence that we energetically apply the standard of reason to understanding out world, and nor fall back on generators of delusion like faith, dogma..authority" Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now
"Many writers today confuse the Enlightenment endorsement of reason with the implausible claim that humans are perfectly rational agents" Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now
"irrational passions and foibles...only by calling out the common sources of folly that we could hope to overcome them" Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now
Science
Humanism
"urgent need for a secular foundation for morality...haunted by a historical memory of centuries of religious carnage" Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now
"privileges the wellbeing of individual men, women and children over the glory of the tribe...universal capacity of a person to suffer and flourish ...that called on our moral concern." Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now
"never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee" John Donne
No Man is an Island
"Humankind's emergence from its self-incurred immaturity" (lazy submission to dogmas and formulas of religious or political authority) Immanuel Kant
What is Enlightenment?
Temporality of Human Mindset
Difficulty to exist in present
Tendency to become stuck in the past or imagined future, difficulty to accurately interpret or predict either
"everything, it seemed, was a harbinger of some future radical disjuncture or cataclysmic upheaval...much fin-de-siecle tended to assume that the passing of the nineteenth century would represent fundamental historical discontinuity, a clear break with the past"
"It need not resign itself to the miseries and irrationalities of the present, nor try to turn back the clock to a lost golden age" Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now