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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, normal physiology of micturition - Coggle…
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Anatomy of The Prostate
location
relations
zones
blood supply
Causes & Risk Factors
Non-modifiable
age, geography and genetics
Modifiable
sex steroid hormones, obesity, diabetes, physical activity, diet, and inflammation
Main cause is unknown
Clinical Manifestations
Differentials of nocturia and incontinence include
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Bladder Cancer
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Cystitis (Bladder Infection) in Females
Simple Prostatectomy
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Males
Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy
Urinary Tract Obstruction
Uterine Prolapse
Vesicovaginal Fistula
Pathology
Histopathology
Pathophysiology
Investigations
Urine test: Check for infection or bladder cancer tracers.
Blood test: To check for creatinine and blood urea nitrogen.
PSA test
also elevated in
Urodynamic tests:
A post-void residual measurement
Uroflowmetry
Urodynamic pressure
Cystoscopy
Transrectal Ultrasound
Biopsy
to differentiate between BPH & Prostate Cancer
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Clinical manifestations
-Urinary Symptoms:
Increased frequency of urination, especially at night (nocturia).
Difficulty starting or maintaining urination.
Weak or interrupted urine flow.
Dysuria
Hematuria
-Pelvic Pain
-Bone Pain
Erectile dysfunction
Management
Management
Pharmacological
Surgical
transurethral resection of prostate
Complications
Late Complications:
1- Loss of libido
2- Erectile Dysfunction
3- Retrograde Ejaculation
4- Urethral Strictures
Post-operative Complications:
1- Bleeding
2- Urinary Retention
Overview of acute urinary retention
etiology
clinical pathway
3- UTIs
4- TURP Syndrome
(hyponatremia)
normal physiology of micturition