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endocytosis and sorting - Coggle Diagram

- - - - e.g. Fc receptor binds Fc region of antibody bound to bacteria
    - - through activation of small GTPases (e.g. Rac and Cdc43)
        
        more detail in salmonella + shigella essay
  - - - structure formed is called a macropinosome
  - - - clathrin mediated
        
        see a further or previous lecture.... or a workshop
        
        example where this is used:
        
        LDL uptake
        
        LDL = low density lipoprotein
        
        is a store of cholesterol
        
        Binding of LDL to LDL receptors causes recruitment of AP-2 and then clathrin
        
        then internalisation of the LDL in vesicle
      - caveolin mediated
        
        caveolins are integral membrane proteins (3 types... 1, 2 and 3)
        
        the three proteins will come together and recruit the cavin complex
        
        then vesicle buds off i guess
        
        mainly used to internalise lipid raft rich membrane... less commonly seen
- - - - the gradient created by ATP powered H+ pump
  - - - since it is a pH gradient, different types of cargo depending on affinity to receptor can be dissociated at different points in endosomal life... nice
      - example: transferrin - receptor trafficking
        
        apotransferrin binds iron to form transferrin
        
        transferrin binds its cognate receptor
        
        internalisation
        
        pH increase causes the dissociation of transferrin from its receptor, so transferrin can be trafficked back to the PM
- - - - Rab acts on effector proteins
        
        one of the effectors could be a GEF for a different Rab
        
        therefore activating a different Rab, changing the path of the vesicle
        
        different effects of this
        
        a positive feedback loop of Rab activation
        
        secondary Rab could have an effector which is an inhibitor of the first Rab
    - - the shift from early to late endsome
        
        Rab 5 activated by the GEF Rabex-5/Rabaptin-5
        
        Rab 5 activates the Rab7 GEF Ccz1/Mon1
        
        Rab 7 activation causes the conversion of early of late endosome