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Rodrigo Guadalupe p.5 Reproductive system - Coggle Diagram
Rodrigo Guadalupe p.5 Reproductive system
major functions of reproduction system
male
produce sperm
spermatogenesis - .process of producing sperm
female
produce eggs
fertilization of eggs in the uterus
grow a baby in uterus
mammary glands produce milk to nourish newborn
both
1) form specialized cells for sexual reproduction called gametes
2) bring male and female gametes together through sexual intercourse
3) combine genetic information contained in gametes through fertilization
4) support development of fetus and birth of baby
methods and classifications of contraceptives
female sterilization - .5/100% of pregnancy, closure of fallopian tubes
male sterilization - closure of vas deferens, .15/100 chance of pregnancy
IUD - metal device placed inside urethra, .8/100 pregnancy
Injectables - injection in arm, hip or under skin, 4/100 pregnancy
Pill - birth control pill swallowed by mouth into digestive system , 8/100 pregnancy
diaphragm - out in vagina with spermicide, 12/100 pregnancies
internal condom - condom inserted into vagina - 21/100 pregnancies
external condom - condom inserted into penis, 13/100
fertility awareness - monitor women's fertility signs, 24/100 pregnancies
withdrawal - pull penis out of vagina between ejaculation, 20/100 pregnancies
spermicides - medication inserted into vagina, 28/100 pregancies
disorders
testicular cancer - cancer in male testes, most comments in men from 15-35
prostate cancer - cancer in male prostates
cervical cancer - cervical inflammation and STI
STI's - sexually transmitted infections
Chlamydia - most common bacterial STI in US, Chlamydia trachomatis, can be contracted while giving birth, urethritis; penile and vaginal discharges; abdominal, rectal, or testicular pain; painful intercourse; irregular menses
trichomoniasis - parasitic infection, yellow green vaginal discharge
Gonorrhea - bacterial infection of mucosae of reproductive and urinary tracts
syphilis - bacterial infection caused by treponema pallidum, Infection is asymptomatic for 2–3 weeks and then painless chancre appears at site of infection
human papillomavirus - cause of genital warts,
genital herpes - caused by herpes simplex virus,
Hormones of the reproductive system
testosterone (males) - responsible for secondary sex characteristics
estrogen (female) - secondary sex characteristics, promote oogenesis and follicle growth
progesterone (female) - works with estrogen to establish and regulate uterine cycle
Vital in development and function of reproductive organs and other organs/tissues, sexual behavior, sexual drives
gonadotropin releasing hormone -
follicle stimulating hormones
luteinizing hormones-
inhibin - released from both male and female
events of the female hormonal cycle
1) oogenesis produces eggs at fetal stage
primary oocytes undergo meiosis to produce secondary oocytes
secondary oocytes undergo meiosis to produce ova
oogenia - divide my mitosis to produce primary oocytes
ovulation - each month after puberty select few primary oocytes exit ovaries
Remaining cells form corpus luteum
in between follicular and luteal phase
maturation
1) gonadotropin-independent pre-antral phase involves intrafollicular paracrines
2) antral phase stimulated by FSH and LH
ovarian cycle - series of events involved with maturation of egg
follicular phase - period of vesicular follicle growth (days 1–14)
Luteal phase: period of corpus luteum activity (days 14–28)
menstrual cycle
cyclic series of changes in endometrium that occur in
response to fluctuating ovarian hormone levels
day 1-5 menstrual phase - Stratum functionalis detaches from uterine wall and is shed
day 6-14 - proliferative phase; Rising estrogen levels prompt generation of new stratum functionalis layer
Days 15–28: secretory (postovulatory) phase - Endometrium prepares for embryo to implant
anatomy of female reproductive structures
ovaries - almond shaped structures where eggs are released
vagina - birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, and organ of copulation
uterus - receive, retain and nourish fertilized eggs
uterine tubes - receive unfertilized eggs and usual site of fertilization
ovarian follicles - contain immature egg
infundibulum - funnel shaped opening into peritoneal cavity
perimetrium - outermost serious layer of uterus
myometrium - middle most layer which contracts rhythmically during childbirth
endometrium - Fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development
mons pubis - fatty area overlying pubic syphysis
labia majora - hair covered fatty skin folds
labia minora - skin folds lying with labia majora
vestibule - recess within labia minora
clitoris - opposite of penis
perineum - diamond shaped region between pubic arch and coccyx
mammary glands - milk production to nourish newborn
anatomy of male reproductive structures
testes - sperm producing male gonads that lies within scrotum
scrotum - sac of skin that contains paired testes
duct system - carries sperm from testes to body exterior
ductus deferens - canal that transports sperm from epididymis to urethra
joins duct of seminal vesicle to make ejaculatory duct
urethra - conveys both urine and semen
penis - male copulatory organ
seminal glands - produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid called semen
prostate - secretes milky acidic fluid
bulbourethral gland - produce thick clear mucus
semen - milky white texture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
goes from testes - epididymis - duct deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra