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Reproductive System Karla Ruiz Moran Anatomy and Physiology P3 - Coggle…
Reproductive System Karla Ruiz Moran Anatomy and Physiology P3
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Uterus: Protects and holds emrbryo during pregnancy
Vagina
: partially external organ that secretes outside of the body; this organ revives the penis during intercourse and is the passageway for offspring.
uterine tube:
secondary oocye towards uterus this is known as the site of fertilization and help develop embryo to uterus.
Labia Minora
: margin of vestibules are formed, protects the opening of vvagina and urethra.
Ovary
: produces oocytes and female and sex hormones for female reproductive system
Labia majora:
enclose and protects external organs ((reproductive).
Clitoris
: produces feeling of pleasure in the vodt due to abundant sensory nerves in gland.
vestibule
: space between the labia minora and urethral opening
Vestibular glands:
secretes fluid moisturizing vestibule.
infundibulum
: attached to ovary
cervix
: end of uterus
Events of the female hormonal cycles (be sure to include all categories
)
oocytes; are all giving rise before birth. Females do not get more oocytes in other words they have a limited amount in their life time.
Menopause: ovaries produce less regularly and until it stops
Menstrual Cycle
follicular cells become corpus luteum cells which secrete both progesterone and estrogen.
if the secondary oocytes is not fertilized, corpus luteum willd egenrate and can no longer secrete such hormones (E and P)
anterior pituitary releases LH which causes ovulation
concentration of E and P decline, and blood vessels contract
follicular cell produces estrogen and also secretes it. Estrogen is repsonsible for secondary sex characteristics and causes the endometrium to thicken
Uterine liningg disintegrates and produces a menstrual flow.
FSH stimulates maturation of dominant follicle
anterior pituitary gland is no longer inhibited and secretes the hormones of FHS and LH
pituitary gland secretes FSH and LH
the beginning of the bleeding is the first day of the menstrual cycle.
Day 14 is ovulation day
Major functions of the Reproductive system
(male and female
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-j1YtqPkMoc&t=105s
https://youtu.be/oxg0K1BuPoo?si=FgzeE7SYRJvU_0ZI
Functions of female reproductive system:
transport cells to site of fertilization in other words to the uterine tubes.
produce maintain sex cells (egg cells and oocytes)
provides an environment for developing fetus
produces female sex hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, LH, FSH
Uterus carries embryo during pregnancy
menstruation after puberty
hormones are secreted by hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary
Function of male reproductive system
produces men sex hormones such as androgens like testosterene.
helps nrutre
testes that produce sperm for reproduction.
transport sperm cells
helps give DNA to the embryo
organ that ejects to vagina during intercourse
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Female hormones
Androgens: produces axillary and pubic hair low androgen levels such as testosterone.
GNRH
: secretion from hypothalamus causing secretion of FSH and LH from gland.
Estrogen
: female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast enlargement, sex organs, enlargement, increased adipose tissue
FSH
: stimulates maturation of a follicle in ovary.
LH
: stimulates cells to produce testosterone. Females have testosterone.
Progesterone
: causes endometrium to become more vascular and uterine gland to secrete nutrients for a possible embryo.
Male Hormones:
Luteinizing hormone:
promotes development of interstitial cells of the testes, which then secretes male Hormones
Follicle
- stimulating hormone FSH : stimulates Sertoli cells responding to testosterone.
Androgens
: all hormones from male such as testosterone
Gonadotropin: secreted by hypothalmus and triggers production of gonadotropins
hypothalamus control many changes that leads to development of reproductive functional adult
Testosterone
: responsible for secondary sexual characteristics such a as deep voice, thickening hair, skeletal growth.
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Epididymis
: cell sperm cell maturation and stores sperm cells.
Ductus deferens:
conveys sperm cells to ejaculatory duct.
Interstitial cells:
make sex hormones
Seminal vesicle:
has a fluid containing prostaglandins helping regulatre the PH of semen.
seminiferous tubules
part of testes producing sperm cells.
prostate gland:
secretes fluid containing citrate which is a nutrient for sperm
Testis
: organs of male
bulbourethral gland
: secretes fluid lubricated the end of penis
Scrotum
: keeps the testes in a temperature nice enough to develop sperm cells also is there for protection
Penis
: outside of the body, inserts to vagina during intercourse.
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Gonorrhea
: neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. Any type of sexual contact. Creates burning sensation when urinating. Antibiotics can be taking to cure.
Chlamydia
: STD permanent damage to a woman reproductive system: Any type of sexual contact can cause this. It is curable with prescribed medication.
Trichomoniasis
: STD that causes infection with parasite called trichonomas vaginalis. Infected by person to person contact. Symptoms include discharge, itchiness, redness or sores. A single dose of prescription can help cure this.
Genetial Herpes:
STI disease caused by herpex simplex. this can be due to kissing someone who has the disease or sexual constant. It is a skin disease creating blisters and there is no treatment.
HPV/Genital warts:
most common. transmitted orally, sexually or even by anal. Can cause cancer and small bumps. there is no treatment. However vaccine HPV can help prevent it.
Syphilis
: STI causing health problems. Direct contact is the transmission and can create sores around penis, mouth or anus. Can be cured with antibiotic but is prevented with a sense, of being tested before sex.
Hepatitis
: Mild illness, infection that causes health problems. Can cause liver damage or even cancer. Vaccine and medicine prescribed can help cure or prevent this.
PID
: pelvic inflammatory disease. not being treated can cause long term effects. Symptoms include fever, pain in lower abdominal area. Antibiotics and being diagnosed early is important,.
Bacterial Vaginitis
: condition with too much bacteria in vagina. This can cause an STD and can be spread in toilet seats or even bedding. However it goes away by itself or it can take antibiotics.
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Combines hormone contraception:
containing estrogen and helps disrupt hormonal patterns, this could be birth control, chemical rings or patch.
Injectable contraception:
prevent follicle maturation and ovulation due to progesterone derivative. This lasts up to 3 months.
chemical barriers
; spermicides that kill sperm, more effective when used with condoms. These include creams, jellies, etc
Contraceptive implants.
Last between 3 years and it is an implation of a rod containing progestin under skin the arm.
Mechanical barriers
: things such as condoms that prevent sperm from entering vagina
Intrauterine Device IUD:
implanted in uterus and are toxic to sperm and egg cells and prevent implantation of embryo.
Rhythm method:
defines the absence of sex during the time of ovulation however this is difficult to determine making it not really effective.
Coitus Interruptus:
method that defines a withdrawal of the penis from vagina before ejaculation happens. This is not efficient and sperm may still reach vagina.
Sterilization
: Surgical method for both men and women that permanently prevents pregnancy, vasectomy for men and tubal ligation for female.
