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Mike Mendez p.2 Reproductive sys - Coggle Diagram
Mike Mendez p.2 Reproductive sys
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)
Male system delivers sperm to female
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Develops & maintains organs for reproduction of offspring
Produces gametes- sperm and oocytes
Female system houses and nourishes developing embryo
and fetus
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Primary sex organ- Testes
Male Internal Accessory Organs- epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland
Epididymis- site of sperm maturation
Ductus Deferens- ejaculatory gland travels through prostate
and empties into urethra
Seminal Vesicles- secrete fluid that makes up semen
during emission
Prostate Gland- secretes thin, milky fluid
Bulbourethral gland- secrete mucus into urethra to lube tip
ot penis.
Male External Accessory Organs- scrotum & penis
Scrotum- protects and regulates temp of testes
Penis- conveys urine and semen to the outside
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Vestibule Glands secrete fluid that lubricates vestibule
Uterine Tubes- site of fertilization
Uterus- receives embryo and maintains development of
fetus
Vagina- conveys uterine secretions to outside, receives
penis, and pathway for baby
Labia Majora- enclose/protect other external organs
Labia Minora- protect openings of vagina and urethra
Clitoris- feelings of pleasure
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Estrogen- female secondary sexual characteristics
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)- secreted by hypothalamus
Luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulates cells to produce testosterone & may be converted to estrogen
Androgens- cause changes during puberty
Progesterone- main source is ovaries, triggers uterine
changes during period
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Follicle maturation- day 14 of cycle follicle matures fully
Ovulation- triggered by surge of LH, secondary oocyte and follicle fluid are released from ovary
Menstrual cycle- estrogen increases to thicken endometrium of uterus
Luteal phase- hormone levels decline, new blood vessels constrict, uterine lining disintegrates and shed
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Bacterial Vaginosis- too much bacteria in vagina
Signs- gray vaginal discharge, itching, burning in vagina Treatment- antibiotics
Prevention- no sex w/ multiple partners
Hepatitis- A- transmitted through food, water, other objects
B- blood, semen, body fluid C- contact w/ blood from infected
Gonorrhea- infection in genitals, rectum, and throat.
Common in ages 15-24. Painful when peeing, increased discharge, anal itching, and painful BM.
Chlamydia- women-vaginal discharge, men- discharge from penis
Genital Herpes- no symptoms, blister on genitals, rectum, mouth, flu-like feelings
Syphilis- primary- sores at sight of infection secondary- skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, fever
Trichomoniasis- STD through parasites. transmitted through touch w/ infected. 90% have no signs, but may be seen with mild to severe inflammation.
AIDS/HIV- AIDs caused by HIV, can be transmitted through sex or sharing needles. HIV is found in semen, results in destruction of body's immune defenses.
HPV/Genital Warts- STI, transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex w/ infected person. No symptoms,
PID- pelvic inflammatory disease may lead to infection & sterility in females, uterine tube scarring. Transmitted through not treated STD, having sex. Symptoms include pain in lower abdomen, fever, unusual discharge, and bleeding
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Combined Hormone Contraceptives- contain estrogen/progestins to prevent pregnancy (chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives)
Coitus Interruptus- withdraw of penis from vagina before ejaculation, some may reach vagina before
Rhythm Method- not having sex around time of ovulation
Mechanical Barriers- prevents sperm from entering vagina during sex (condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap)
Chemical Barriers- contain spermicides, most effective when used w/ condoms (creams, foams, jellies)
Injectable Contraceptives- injection of progesterone that prevents follicle maturation and ovulation
Contraceptive Implants- implant of rod containing progestin under skin of arm
IUDs- object injected into uterus