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Reproductive System- Alejandro Alvarez - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System- Alejandro Alvarez
Major Functions
Male
develops and maintans organs for production of offsrping
produce sperm and prepares it for delivery to females
produce male sex hormones (testosterone)
Female
produces female sex hormones
produce eggs/ovas
houses and nourishes developing fetus
Reproductive Structures
Male
Testes
. primary sex organ
. produces sperm through seminiferous tubules
.produces testosterone
.located inside scrotum
epididymis
.matures sperm
.attached to testes
Ductus Deferens
.a muscular tube that transports sperm to the urethra
.part of ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicle
. sac like structure branching from ductus deferens
.nourishes sperm with fructose and alkaline
part of ejaculatory duct
prostate
.walnut shaped gland below urinary bladder
.surrounds urethra
.helps liquefy semen
urethra
.carries urine and semen and delivers it to outside of body
bulbourethral glands
. small gland located below prostate
.secretes mucus into urethra for lubricaion
penis
. cylindrical organ that conveys urine and semen
Female
Internal
Ovaries
.primary sex organ of the female
.makes egg cells (oocytes)
.form estrogen and progesterone
uterine/fallopian Tubes
. moves secondary oocyte toward uterus
.site of fertilization
uterus
. protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy
3 wall layers: endometrium (inner), myometrium (middle), and perimetrium (outer)
cervix
.separation between the uterus and vagina
vagina
.conveys uterine secretions to outside of body
recieves penis during intercourse
. birth canal
External (vulva)
labia minora
. flattened folds between labia majora
. forms hood around clitoris
labia majora
. closes and protects all external reproductive organs
corresponds to the scrotum of male
clitoris
.small projection at anterior end of vulva, between labia minora
.contains erectile tissue and corresponds to the penis
Vestibule
.space enclosed by labia minora into which the vagina and urethra open
Hormones
Males
testosterone
Function: stimulates secondary sexual characteristics including muscle mass growth, sex drive, fat distribution and deep voice
Location: testes
Females
Estrogen
Function: simulates secondary sexual characteristics (breast enlargement, wide hips) and helps in uterine wall development
Location: ovaries
Progesterone
Function: prepares the endometrium for fertilized egg, simulates endometrium to shed if preganacy does not occur
Location: ovaries
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Function: simulates ovulation to occur
Location: anterior pituitary gland
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
function: stimulates the development of follicles
Location: anterioir pituitary gland
Birth Control and Contraception
Chemical Barriers
. contain spermicide
. more effective when used with a condom
. creams, foams, and jellies
Behavioral
Coitus Interruptus
. withdrawl of penis from vagina before ejaculation
. not effective since sperm can reach vagina before ejaculation
Rhythm Method
. abstinence from sex during time of ovulation
. not effective since its hard to determine when ovulation occurs
Mechanical Barriers
. prevents sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse
. female and male condoms
. diaphgram
. cervical cap
Surgical
Implantation
implantation of a rod containing
progestin under the skin in the arm
. can prevent ovulation and follicle maturation for 3 years
IUD
intrauterine device
items implanted in uterus that are toxic to sperm and egg cells
prevents implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium
Sterillization
Vasectomy(male)
. removal of portion of vas deferns
.prevents sperm from entering semen
reversible
Tubal Ligation(female)
.cutting of the fallopian tubes
.prevents sperm from reaching egg
.permanent
Combined Hormone
. contains estrogen and progesterone to prevent pregnancy
. disrupts normal hormone patterns
. chemical rings, pills, and oatch
Injectable
injection of progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation and ovulation
.Last for about 3 months
Menstral Cycle
Luteal Phase (2 weeks)
The follicle that released the ovum collapses and becomes corpus luteum
corpus luteum makes a lot of progesterone and estrogen
. If secondary oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus luteum dies and becomes corpus albicans
Menstruation (Day 1)
as concentration of estrogen and progesterone decline, blood vessels in the endometrium constrict and the uterine lining sheds causing bleeding.
. the pituitary gland is no longer inhibited and can produce FSH and LH. The cycle repeats
Ovulation (Day 14)
The decrease of estrogen causes LH to spike up which allows one mature follicle to release the ovum from the ovary
Follicular Phase (2 weeks)
The hypothalamus releases GnrH, which tells the pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH
FSH stimulates follicles to to develop within the ovaries
As follicles develop, surrounding cells (granulosa cells) make a lot of estrogen
As estrogen increases, FSH and LH decrease (negative feedback)
Right before ovulation estrogen decreases
STI'S/STD's
Bacterial
Gonorrhea
. caused by the Neisseria Gonorrhoeae bacteria
.can be cured with antibiotics
.symptoms for men include painful urination, in women no symptoms may be present
Syphilis
. caused by the Treponema pallidum bacterium
.treatable with antibiotics however permanent damage can be done if left untreated
.the first signs include sores om genital or mouth, months later a rash mey be present, years later no symptoms as infection spreads, finally damage to heart liver and brain
can be deadly
Chlamydia
. curable with antibiotics
caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium
.symptoms include painful urination and intercourse, mucus discharge from penis and vagina
Parasitic
Trichomoniasis
.a common STD caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis
Symtoms include itching and irritation inside penis, burning sensation during ejaculation, and inflammation
.can be treated with antiparasitic meds
Viral
Genital warts (HPV)
.caused by the human papilloma virus
.no cure
.symptoms include warts,cancer, and can have no symptoms
.warts can be chemically and surgically removed
Genital Herpes
.caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus
.no cure
.Genital sores/fever
.Antiviral meds
HIV/AIDS
.caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
. symptoms include fever, weakness, infections, and cancer
.no cure
.meds can be used to treat and delay symptoms
Hepatitis
. inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A,B, or C virus
symptoms are mild and may not be present.
.no cure but antiviral meds can treat symptoms
PID
.A disease caused by complications from other STDs.
. very common in women
. can result in infertility
.symptoms include pain in lower abdomen, fever, and bleeding between periods
can be treated but can result in permanent damage if left untreated