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Maria Palacios P2 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Maria Palacios P2 Reproductive System
Major Functions
Male
produce sex hormones (testosterone)
promote spermatogenesis
produces, maintain, transport sperm cells/ semen
transport into female reproductive system for fertilization
Female
produces gametes (eggs/ ova)
produce sex hormones
maintain fertilized eggs while development
provide a site for fertilization/ developing fetus
giving birth
feed/ nurture offspring
Anatomy of Female Reproductive Structures
External Organs
Labia Majora
enclose/ protect other organs
anterior ends form mons pubis
Labia Minora
flattened, longitudinal folds between labia majora
form hood around clitoris
Clitoris
small projection at anterior ends of vulvas
contain erectile tissues
Vestibule
space enclosed by labia minora where Vagina/ urethra open
glands lie on each side of vaginal opening
glands correspond to bulb. glands; provide lubrication
Internal Organs
Uterine Tubes
lead from ovary to uterus
near ovaries; form infundibulum w/ fimbraie
cells lining tubes have cilia
site of fertilization
Ampulla: widest part of tubes
Isthmus: narrowest part of tubes
Uterus
receives embryo; maintains/ develops fetus
upper portion 2/3: body w dome-shape, fundus
lower portion 1/3: cervix
Vagina
tube that extends from uterus to outside
opening is covered by hymen
wall w/ 3 layers: endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
receives penis during sex, serves as birth canal
Ovaries
oval shaped gland on each side of uterus
outer portion: cortex
inner portion: medulla
Anatomy of Male Reproductive Structures
Internal Organs
Testes
250 tubules separated by connective tissue
contains seminiferous tubules w spermatogenic cells
seminiferous tubules to epidymis to ducts deferens
Leydig cells in-between tubules produce male sex hormones
Epididymis
site of sperm maturation
sperm develop ability to fertilize and egg
Ductus Deferens
unites w/ seminal vesicle glands & empties into ejaculatory duct
ejaculatory duct to prostate gland & empties into urethra
Seminal Vesicles
sac-like structure near base of urinary bladder
secretes a fluid
Prostate Gland
surrounding urethra at base of bladder
secretes think milky fluid, semen
Bulbourethral Glands
located inferior to prostate gland
secretes mucus into urethra to lubricate tip of penis
Semen
fluid transported through urethra to outside of body
contains sperm cells
sperm cells maturation: capacitation
External Organs
Scrotum
pouch of skin & subcutaneous tissue housing testes
protects/ regulates temp. of testes
Penis
cylindrical organ conveying urine & semen outside
contains erectile tissues (corpora cavernosa/ corpus spongiosum)
corpus spongiosum enlarges at distal end forming glans penis
loose fold of skin; foreskin (prepuce)
Male Hormones
LH: promotes develop. of interstitial cells & secretes testerone
FSH: stimularte steroli cells and respond to testosterone. stimulate spermatogenesis
Testosterone: stimulate spermatogenesis, stimulate develop. of male reproductive organs, responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics
Female Hormones
Progesterone: prepare endometrium for a fertilized egg
Estrogen: responsible for 2nd sexual characteristics
GnRH: causes secretion of LH & FSH
FSH: stimulates maturation of a follicle
LH: stimulates cells to produce testosterone precursors
Methods of Contraception
Coitus Interruptus
: withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation
Rhythm Method
: abstinence of sex around time of ovulation
Mechanical Barriers
: prevent sperm from entering vagina; condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
Chemical Barriers
: contain spermicides; creans, foams, jellies
Combined Hormone Contraceptives
: contain estrogens & progestins; chemical rings, patch, oral contraceptives
Injectable Contraception
: injection of progesterone derivative
Contraceptive Implants
: implantation of rod containing progestin
I
ntrauterine Device
: objects implanted in uterus toxic to sperm/ eggs
Sterilization
: surgical methods of permanently preventing pregnancy
Disorders
AIDS: chronic immune system caused by virus
HPV/ Genital Warts: STI from virus
PID: disease by complications w/ gonorrhea or chlamydia
Trichomoniasis: STI caused by protozoan parasite
Hepatitis: inflammation of liver
Gonorrhea: infection in rectum, genitals, throat
Chlamydia: causes permanent damage
Genital Herpes: caused by herpes complex virus
Syphilis: STI w/ 4 diff stages
Methods/ Classifications of Contraceptives
Behavioral
Withdrawal: withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation
Fertility Awareness: abstinence of sex during ovulation
Mechanical
Diaphragm: dome-shaped silicone cup inserted in vagina
Internal condom: small plastic pouch inserted in vagina
External condom: thin, protective sheath
IUD: object inserted in uterus toxic to sperm/ eggs
Chemical
Injectables: injection of progesterone derivative
Pill: contains estrogen and progestins
Spermicides: jellies, foams, creams
Surgical
Female sterilization: cutting of uterine tubes
Male sterilization: removal of small portion of vas deferens
Events of Female Hormonal Cycle
First stage: 1-5 days - Menstrual
Second stage: 5-14 days - Proliferative
Third stage: 14 day - Ovulation
Fourth stage: Secretory
Follicular: dominant follicle
Ovulation: egg released
Luteal: corpus luteum formed and degenerating