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CLA terms - Coggle Diagram
CLA terms
writing
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hook → a tiny flourish, usually on the end of a letter
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X-height → also called the midpoint, the height of all the letters which are not ascenders or descenders
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over and under-generalisation of spelling rules → Over-generalising a rule where it is not appropriate to apply it (run – runned), or under-generalising it by only apply it to one specific context (y to ies in plurals)
phonological development
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modifier → words showing levels of something e.g. up, down, around etc
overextension → a child applies a label to more referents than it should have e.g. all women = mummy
analogical overextension → tries to draw links between different objects based on similar properties/use e.g. all spherical objects = “ball”
categorical overextension → refers to all objects within the same category with the same name (all fruit is labelled as “apple”)
predicate statements → statements that convey some form of abstract information (a child using “doll” to indicate an empty cot
underextension → applies a label to fewer referents than it should have, normally by using a general word to describe a very specific situation or thing
oracy → wide lexical range and an understanding of how these words work together in terms of grammar and syntax
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hand grips
digital pronate grasp → holds pencil with palm of hand facing down towards paper, held by all fingers and thumb. movement from elbow and shoulder. vertical surface preferred
four finger and thumb grip → holds pencil between thummb and 4 fingers. nearly vertical positioning. movement from elbow and wrist
palmer supinate grip → holds pencil in fist like a dagger. whole arm movements to mark-make. prefer to work on vertical surface
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fine motor skills → being able to hold a pencil - tripod grip - children go from gross to fine motor skills
dynamic tripod grip → Holding the pencil between thumb and index finger with pencil supported on the middle finger. The ring and little fingers are gently curved inwards. This gives an open wide web space which means the movement comes from the fingers
stages of speech
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two-word
pontential meaning narrowed, less reliance on non-verbal, some grammar understanding
telegraphic
longer, more complex utterances, likely to omit gramatical words required for accuracy → 2 yrs
post-telegraphic
grammatical words used alongside content words, contractions, verb inflections, pronouns, questions etc. → 4 yrs
teaching approaches
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look and say approach - teaches students to read words as whole units rather than breaking the word down into individual letters or groups of letters
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recasting - a technique used in language teaching to correct learners' errors in such a way that communication is not obstructed
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morphemes
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morphemes → smallest things in language, draw them together to make words e.g. come, ing
phonics
synthetic phonics - teaches reading by blending the sounds of letters and letter groups to form words
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reading
pre/pseudo reading - up to 6 years, → chldren will still be read to by caregivers but may try to initiate the reading process by turning pages