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iPhone, Cardboard & Paperboard, Fiber-based paper tray image -…

- - - - Open pit mines disturb large areas and result in large waste rock piles. These impacts remain on the landscape until the disturbed areas are stabilized.
        
        The amount of waste rock is typically two to three times the amount of ore produced.
        
        If not properly managed, erosion of waste rock into surface drainages may lead to concentrations of metals in stream sediments.
        
        Bioavailable metals are often absorbed by plants and animals, causing detrimental impacts to their populations.
        
        Once water comes in contact with the waste rock, the oxidation of pyrite found in waste rock produces acidic water. This is known as acid rock drainage.
        
        The acidic water is able to dissolve metals.
        
        The water may contaminate streams and the local groundwater. This would inhibit its use for drinking water or irrigation.
        
        Inhibits plant growth and impacts stream habitats.
        
        Impacts on the ecosystem greatly impact Indigenous communities and their livelihood.
        
        Tailings produced from the milling of ores may contain greater concentrations of pyrite in comparison to the waste rock.
        
        The fine particles allow for quicker reactions with air and water, and this increases the potential for acidic conditions to develop.
      - More ore can be produced relatively quickly, and this provides greater profits to investors.
      - Emissions are released from the smelting process.
        
        Sulfur dioxide emissions react with atmospheric water vapour to form sulfuric acid, commonly known as acid rain.
        
        The soil where acid rain falls becomes acidic.
        
        Acidic soil harms existing vegetation.
        
        Barren land near smelting operations last for decades.
        
        Acidic soil prevents new vegetation from growing.
        
        Elevated levels of certain components have been found in the bloodstream of residents living in some communities near smelters.
      - Open pit mining is safer for workers in comparison to shaft mining, resulting in a lower death rate.
      - In order to create and operate an open pit mine, all vegetation is stripped and the surface of the site is left barren.
        
        The ecosystem is lost, and the restoration of the ecosystem can take decades without replanting.
        
        The loss of the ecosystem greatly impacts local species since they are now left without a habitat.
        
        Without vegetation to stabilize soil erosion, the rate of landslides and rockslides increase and become more erratic.
        
        Landslides and rockslides pose a threat to human safety.
        
        The loss of ecosystems greatly impacts Indigenous communities and their livelihood.
      - Infrastructure, such as power lines and railway tracks, is built to support mining activities.
        
        This infrastructure may impact migratory routes of animals and increase habitat fragmentation.
- - - - Cobalt is an essential material for iPhone batteries
        
        Apple wants to procure cobalt in response to the cobalt supply shortage and for supply chain transparency.
        
        Around 60% of the world's cobalt comes from Democratic Republic of Congo.
        
        UNICEF estimates that around 40,000 children work in the mines in Democratic Republic of Congo.
    - - All these components are transported to one location to be assembled
        
        This produces more emissions
        
        Negatively impacts the environment
      - The iPhone is able to use the highest quality components
      - These components are taxed by the government
        
        Increases cost of iPhone
        
        Provides incentive for Apple to look for cheaper solutions
        
        This can tie back to underpaying workers and child labour
      - Improves global relations and provides incentive to work with other nations
  - - - Factory workers are usually underage and lower class employees.
        
        Factory workers often have poor working conditions, low wages, and strict schedules.
        
        Factory workers are often barred from basic human rights like being able to use the restroom.
        
        Public humilitiation or dismissal is often used for minor offences.
        
        Factory workers have up to 70 hours of work per week.
        
        The extremely stressful environment has lead to a significant number of factory worker suicides and suicide attempts.
        
        Factory workers are often exposed to toxic chemicals or pathogens, such as the nerve agent n-hexane or food poisoning when eating rotten food in rat-infested dorms.
        
        Factory workers have fallen ill, often with permanent damages, or have died.
        
        Many factory workers earn about $1.90 per hour.
    - - Poorer areas with factories have developed into cities with large infrastructure for both commerical and residential purposes.
        
        Factories have increased economic opportunities and life quality for many lower-income communities.
    - - Each iPhone produces 57-79 kg of carbon dioxide in its lifetime with 80% of it coming from production.
        
        Burning of fossil fuels and chemicals leads to air pollution.
        
        Air pollution leads to severe health issues such as asthma and cancer.
        
        Air pollution leads to global warming and climate change.
    - - Toxic chemicals have been released into bodies of water.
        
        Poisons the water supply for people living near factories, leading to unsafe drinking and usage.
        
        Pollution leads to the death of plants and animals nearby, severe disease, and/or heavily mutated organisms.
    - - Deforestation leads to the destructure of ecosystems.
      - Deforestation leads to a higher likelihood of droughts and wildfires.
- - - - Drive
        
        Transported to the airport by truck (approx. 3 miles)
        
        Flight
        
        Phones are flew to Anchorage, then to multiple logistics service hubs, Fed ex, UPS, etc. (approx. over 7275 miles = 1,455 gallons of gas)
        
        Transportation
        
        Transported all over the world by Fed ex, UPS, etc
        
        Using all transportation methods
        
        Negative environmental impact
        Pollution
        
        Pollutes the air with CO2
        
        Overall travels around 12,000 miles = 2,400 gallons of gas
  - - - Moves onto transportation and shipping
      - Packaged in Foxconn's facilities
        
        Unsafe working conditions for employees
        
        Causes mental health issues in employees, leading to multiple attempted and successful suicides
        
        Pollutes the environment, nitrogen oxides, VOCs, carbon monoxide, and greenhouse gases
        
        Provides an abundance of jobs ( over 1,000 employees)
- - - - Apple lowers its reliance on mining, shipping, and processing raw materials.
        
        Less energy is utilized when recycling old materials in comparison to processing raw materials
        
        Apple products have a lower carbon footprint.
        
        Lower demand for mining results in lower levels of ecosystem destruction caused by operating a mine.
        
        Less mining, shipping, and processing of raw materials results in decreased greenhouse gas emissions.
- - - - Electricity is needed to power iPhones. 2000 kWh is needed to fully recharge a dead phone everyday.
        
        Land must be deforested to build electricity plants.
        
        Powerlines are known to electrocute and kill bird populations.
        
        Harmful contaminants are released to produce electricity that poison or kill organisms.
      - Teen mental health plummets due to overuse of smartphones
        
        Leads to negative self image, chronic sleep deprivation, harmful effects on self control, academic performance, and socioemotional functioning.
      - iPhones provide gateways for social justice, activism, and overseas involvement
- - - - Lumberjacks
        
        Provides jobs
      - Deforestation
        Negative impacts : Environment, animals, and humans
        :red_cross:
  - - - Better cost for makers
    - - Makes better paper
- - - - Shaped
        
        Pressed into shape using pressure and high temperatures
        
        Cooled
        
        Cooled and removed from mold
        
        Ready for packaging