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Unit 8: Preparation and Tabulation of Data - Coggle Diagram
Unit 8: Preparation and Tabulation of Data
DATA PREPARATION
Questionnaire Checking
Check for completeness & interviewing quality.
Reasons for unacceptance:
Incomplete sections.
Misunderstood questions/instructions.
Little variance in responses.
Physically incomplete.
Answered by non-qualified individuals.
Received post cutoff date.
Editing
Increase accuracy through questionnaire review.
Treat unsatisfactory responses by:
Returning to the field.
Assigning missing values.
Discarding unsatisfactory responses.
Coding
Assign codes for specific responses.
Use a codebook with instructions & variable info.
Codebook Info
:
Record number.
Question number.
Variable name & label.
Variable type (e.g., nominal, ordinal).
Codes (e.g., 1=Strongly agree).
Coding instructions.
Transcribing
Transfer coded data to digital formats.
Data Cleaning
Perform consistency checks and treat missing responses.
Identify out-of-range data, inconsistencies, or extreme values.
Treatment of Missing Responses
Options:
Substitute a neutral value.
Substitute an imputed response.
Case-wise deletion.
Statistically Adjusting the Data
Weighting
: Assign weights to reflect importance.
Variable Re-specification
: Modify variables for consistency with study objectives.
Dummy Variables
: Use 0 and 1 values for variable re-specification.
Data Types
:
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio scales.
Considerations:
Research Design.
Sample Independence.
Number of Groups.
Number of variables.
Preparing Preliminary Plan of Data Analysis
Statistical Techniques
Multivariate Analysis
Univariate Analysis