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Reproductive Systems Rose Bui-Lưu - Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive Systems
Rose Bui-Lưu - Period 2
Major Functions
Female Reproductive System
provide environment for developing fetus
deliver, feed, and nurture offspring
produce female sex hormones
produce + maintain sex cells (egg cells, oocytes)
transport sex cells to site of fertilization
Male Reproductive System
deliver sperm to female
develop + maintain organs for production of offspring
produce male sex hormones
product + maintain sex cells (sperm)
Anatomy of Reproductive Structures
Female
primary sex organs (gonads)
secondary (accessory organs)
Disorders Associated w/ Reproductive Systems
Genital Herpes
an STD/STI caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2)
Transmission: sexual contact w/ someone who has this STD/STI
Signs/Symptoms: asymptomatic/mild symptoms mistaken for different conditions, flu -like symptoms like fever, body aches
Treatment: no cure, antiviral drugs, daily suppressive therapy
Prevention: correct + consistent use of condoms, sexual abstinence, monogamy
Syphilis
Transmission: direct contact with a syphiilis sore passed from infected mother to baby
STI that is divided into stages —> Primary, Secondary, Latent, Tertiary
Signs/symptoms: Primary; sues at site of infection, Secondary; Shin rash, swollen lymph nodes, fever, Latent; Asymptomatic, Tertiary; severe intestinal problems
Treatment: antibiotics, regular testing for syphilis
Prevention: use of condoms, monogamy, sexual abstinence
Chlamydia
common STD/STI that can affect both genders but cause serious permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive system
Transmission: sexual contact w/ intended persons, spread from mother to baby
Signs/Symptoms: painful urination, abnormal vaginal, period discharge, painful, swollen testicles, rectal pain and bleeding
Treatment: medication as prescribed, consistent check-ups
Prevention: abstinence, monogamy, index condoms
Gonorrhea
STD/STI than can infect both women + men, causing an infection in genitals, rectem, throat, common in 15-24 y.o.
Transmission: vaginal, oral and sex with infected persons, can be spread from mother to baby
Signs/Symptoms: painful urination, discharge from penis, painful, swollen testicles, anal itching, vaginal discharge, painful bowel movements
Treatment: medication as prescribed, consistent check-ups
Prevention: latex condoms, monogamy, abstinence
Hepatitis
multiple variants of hepatitis, which can result to mild illness with few or no symptoms or more serious illness; only HEP C is an STD
Transmission: ingestion of contaminated matter, sex with infected person, contact with infected body fluids, mother --> baby, infected blood transmission
Signs/Symptoms: chronic infection, cirrhosis, liver disease asymptomatic, HEP A rarely fatal
Treatment: vaccine for HEP A + B, no vaccine for HEP C
Prevention: early vaccination, ensure safe food and water, screen blood and organ donors, educate populations at risk
Trichomoniasis
common STD/STI caused by infection with a paratozoak possible called tridomonas vaginalis
Transmission: sexual contact with infected persons
Sign/Symptoms: commonly asymptomatic, itching or irritation inside penis, irritation around vagina
Treatment: prescription antibiotic medication, medication
Prevention: use of condoms, sexual abstinence, monogamy
AIDS/HIV
AIDS is caused by HIV which results in destruction of the body's immune defenses; AIDS: acquired immense deficiency syndrome
Transmission: sexual intercourse with HIV- infected semen
Signs/Symptoms: fever, fatal infections, fatal cancer
Treatment: drugs to heal or delay symptoms, antiretroviral medicines, HIV-combo drugs
Prevention: not sharing needles, use of condoms, sexual abstinence, PrEP
HPV/Genital Warts
most common STI, many different types of HPV, common in late teens and early 20s; Human Papilloma Virus
Transmission: sexual contact with infected persons
Signs/Symptoms: Genital Warts, cervical cancer, orophryngeal cancer, vaginal, penal, anal cancers
Treatment: early vaccination
Prevention: use of condoms, monogamy, sexual abstinence, routine cervical cancer screening
PID
infection of woman's reproductive organs, then caused by some STDs like Chlamydia or gonorrhea; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Transmission: sexual contact w/ STD- infected persons
Signs/Symptoms: pain in lower abdomen, fever, pain/bleeding during sex
Treatment: can be cured if treated early, antibiotics
Prevention: sexual abstinence, condoms, monogamy
Methods and Classification of Contraceptives
Female Sterilization
one time permanent procedure which involves the tying of the uterine tubes; tubal ligation
Mode of Protection: surgical
Effectiveness: >99%, less than 1 expected pregnancy for 100 women
Side Effects: pain, bleeding, infections after surgery
Male Sterilization
one time permanent procedure which involves the tying of the vas deferens; vasectomy
Mode of Protection: surgical
Effectiveness: >99%, less than 1 expected pregnancies per 100 women
Side Effects: pain, bleeding, infection
IUD
a rod inserted by a healthcare provider lasting 3-10 years depending on the type
Mode of Protection: surgical
Effectiveness: >99%, set and forget, lasting up to 5 years
Side Effects: irregular bleeding, cramping, Pelvic pain, no periods
Injectables
a birth control shot that is taken regularly every 3 months that can be administered at home or by a healthcare professional
Mode of Protection: chemical
Effectiveness: 93-99%
Side Effects: loss of bone density, weight gain, headache, irregular bleeding between periods
Pill
medicine with hormones taken daily to prevent pregnancy
Mode of Protection: chemical
Effectiveness: 93-99%
Side Effects: nausea, risk for blood clots, lighter periods
Diaphragm
a barrier method that prevents sperm from reaching the egg by covering the cervix
Mode of Protection: mechanical
Effectiveness: 76-99%
Side Effects: allergic reaction, infection, no menstrual side effects
Internal Condom
a little nitrile (soft plastic) pouch that covers the inside of the vagina, nesting a barrier that stops sperm from reaching an egg
Mode of Protection: mechanical
Effectiveness: 76-99%
Side Effects: allergic reaction, irritation
External Condom
a thin, protective sheath usually made of latex that fills over the penis
Mode of Protection: mechanical
Effectiveness: 76-99%
Side Effects: allergic reaction, irritation
Fertility Awareness
knowing and recognizing when the fertile time (when a woman can get pregnant) shows in the menstrual cycle
Mode of Protection: behavorial
Effectiveness: 76-99%
Side Effects: no side effects
Withdrawal
withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejanctation
Mode of Protection: behavioral
Effectiveness: 76-99%
Side Effects: no side effects
Spermicides
cream, gel, foam, film, or suppository that contain chemicals to stop from getting an egg
Mode of Protection: chemical
Effectiveness: 72% used typically, 99% used perfectly
Side Effects: allergic reaction, irritation