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EARTH SCIENCE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - DAY AND NIGHT
        The portion facing the sun experiences day while the other half away from the sun experiences night. The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination.
      - TIME ZONES
        As Earth rotates on its axis, it moves about 15 degrees every 60 minutes. After 24 hours, it has completed a full rotation of 360 degrees. The scientists used this information to divide the planet into 24 sections or time zones. Each time zone is 15 degrees of longitude wide.
      - TEMPERATURE
        The daily rotation of Earth causes the progression of daytime and nighttime, and the amount of sunlight falling on a given area. The intensity of the sun’s energy increases with the sun’s angle, so that the sun is most intense around noon.
      - TIDES
        As the Earth rotates, that area moves away from the moon’s influence and the tide recedes. Now it is low tide in that area. As the Earth keeps rotating, another high tide occurs in the same area when it is on the side of the Earth opposite the moon (low high tide).
    - - AXIS
        An axis is an invisible line around which an object rotates, or spins.
        Earth's axis is inclined by an angle of 23.4° against that orbital axis.
  - - - Seasonal Changes
        A season is a period of the year that is distinguished by special climate conditions, including weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region.
        
        Causes of seasonal changes
        
        Maximum Intensity of Sun's Rays
        
        Earth's Axis
        
        Day and Night Cycle
        
        the Earth's seasons are not caused by the differences in the distance from the Sun throughout the year, but because of the tilt of the Earth's axis as it orbits the Sun, leading to variations in the angle and intensity of sunlight reaching different parts of the Earth's surface.
        
        Seasons in the Philippines
        characterized mainly by the amount of rainfall experienced during each one.
        
        Dry season
        -Cool and Dry Season - runs from December to February
        -Hot Seasons - runs from March to May
        
        Northeast Monsoon (Hanging Amihan) During this season, some of the crops die due to insufficient supply of water. The dry season is influenced by the Northeast Monsoon or Hanging Amihan that brings cool and dry air. Hanging Amihan blows from the northeast portion of the country and causes slight to moderate rainfall in the eastern portion of the country.
        
        Wet Season
        -Persists from mid May to November
        -Storms usually enter the country around June and increase in frequency over the course of a few months. Frequency peaks in August and drops as the rainy season draws to a close. Nonetheless, many of the country's deadliest and most destructive storms made landfall late in their respective seasons, in the range of September to November.
        
        Southwest Monsoon (Hanging Habagat) The wet season affects the activities of people. Farmers plant their crops during this season because the abundance of rainwater makes their crops grow quickly. People prefer to serve and eat warm foods as well as wear thick and long-sleeved clothes. During the wet season, people do most of their activities indoors. When going outdoors, they usually bring umbrellas and raincoats.
        
        Factors Affecting Weather Patterns in the Philippines
        
        Fronts
        When an air mass moves into an area and interacts with other masses, it causes the weather to change.
        
        Cold Fronts
        Is the boundary along the leading edge of a cold air mass pushing out a warm air mass.
        
        Occluded Fronts
        Is formed when a cold air mass moves toward each other with warm air between them.
        
        Warm Fronts
        Are boundaries along a warm air mass pushing out a cold air mass.
        
        Stationary Fronts
        Occurs when a boundary between air masses stops advancing.
        
        Air Masses A huge bodies of air that have similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure.
        
        Prevailing Winds
        Are winds that blow mostly from a single direction.
      - Equinox
        Vernal and autumnal equinoxes mark equal day and night durations.
        
        Autumn Equinox
        It occurs when the sun crosses the celestial equator heading south on the 22nd of September or 23. It is the opposite in the Southern Hemisphere.
        
        Vernal Equinox
        The sun crosses the celestial equator to the north on the twentieth of March in the Northern Hemisphere, marking the vernal or spring equinox.
      - Solstice
        Winter and summer solstices mark extremes in axial tilt.
        
        Summer Solstice
        The longest days and the shortest night at these places occur on June 21st. At this time in the Southern Hemisphere all these conditions are reversed. It is winter there. The nights are longer than the days.
        
        Winter Solstice
        On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn gets direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it. It is summer in the Southern hemisphere and winter in the Northern hemisphere. The shortest day of the year.
- - - - Hurricane: Atlantic and Eastern, Central Pacific oceans
      - Typhoon: Western Pacific Ocean
      - Cyclonic storm: Northern Indian Ocean
      - Tropical cyclone: Southern Indian Ocean
      - Cyclone: Southwestern Pacific Ocean
    - - Sea breezes
        are local winds that blow from the sea towards the land during the day
      - Land Breezeoccurs at night when the land cools more rapidly than the sea
- - - - Venus
        Venus has a dense, toxic atmosphere that is mostly made of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid clouds.
      - Earth
        The only planet known to hold life is Earth. Its surface is dynamic, featuring oceans, continents, and a breathing atmosphere that is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. The atmosphere of Earth regulates temperature and shields life from dangerous solar radiation.
      - Mercury
        Besides being the closest planet to the Sun, Mercury has a very slow rotation, completing one rotation every 59 Earth days. It also has a heavily cratered surface due to impacts from asteroids and comets.
      - Mars
        Because of the reddish hue generated by iron oxide on its surface, Mars is frequently referred to as the "Red Planet". It is home to Olympus Mons, the biggest volcano in the solar system, and the enormous Valles Marineris canyon system. Mars features polar ice caps and remnants of old river valleys, indicating a wet past.
    - - Saturn
        Saturn is well-known for its magnificent ring system, which is primarily made up of ice and rocky fragments. Its composition is comparable to Jupiter's, mostly hydrogen and helium, and its atmosphere contains features that are banded. At Saturn's north pole is a storm that resembles a hexagon.
      - Uranus
        Uranus has a severe axial tilt, which makes it one of its most unusual properties. Uranus is slanted on its side, with its axis of rotation nearly parallel to its orbital plane, in contrast to the majority of planets in the solar system, which have their axes roughly perpendicular to their orbits.
      - Jupiter
        The largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter, has many unique qualities. It is shielded from space debris by an enormous shield formed by its extremely powerful magnetic field.
      - Neptune
        The eighth planet in our solar system, Neptune, has a few unique qualities. One prominent characteristic is its intense blue coloring, which is brought on by methane in its atmosphere.