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END OF THE WAR and BACKGROUND TO THE SOVIET REVOLUTION, image, image,…
END OF THE WAR and BACKGROUND TO THE SOVIET REVOLUTION
Consecuences of the war
political consequences
League of Nations
many territorial consequences
Turkey and the beginnings of the future Saudi Arabia were created in the Ottoman Empire
The German colonies in Africa and the Pacific were divided between Belgium and British, French and Japanese empires.
economic losses
human losses
Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian, French, British Empire, were affected the most
female labour force
replaced men in the factories during the war
Peace treaties
Treaties of Paris (1919–1920)
The Treaty of Versailles (1919)
signed with Germany
included economic, military and territorial agreements
German people saw the harsh conditions as a humiliation.
Terms
demilitarised zone in the German territory bordering France
exclusion from the League of Nations.
payment of high financial compensation to the winners.
prohibition of any attempt at union between Germany and Austria
League of Nations
objective was to establish international relations in which peace was the fundamental principle
Background to the Soviet Revolution
Tsarist Russia
economy based on agriculture was developing
Russia was an autocratic monarchy
the tsar had absolute power
Russian Empire had 150 million inhabitants
unevenly distributed
standard of living was low and poverty was widespread
Later political opposition to tsarism grew
Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party was founded
to eliminate injustice and inequality.
divided into 2 groups
Bolsheviks
defended the seizure of power by working-class minority
Leader: Vladimir Lenin.
Mensheviks
more moderate
favoured an alliance with reformist liberalism
Leader: Julius Martov
Grigori Rasputin
In breakdown of the tsarist regime he was the symbol of declining Russian autocracy
The october revolution
The february revolution
economic hardship
The government introduced ration cards
allowed families to acquire a little provisions
Striking workers and women
With the slogan of the Bolsheviks
peace, bread and land
Tsaar was obliged to abdicate
Two heirs to the Revolution of 1905
The Duma
liberal
The Soviet
revolutionary
Both agreed to a Provisional Government
Vladimir Lenin
leader of the Bolsheviks
The amnesty alowed him to return from his exile
he refused to cooperate with Provisional Government
defended the need to move to a new phase of the revolution to take power
The october revolution
head of government Alexander Kerenski led the army to Kornilov who tried to overthrow the government +install a military dictatorship
This triggered a new revolution
Lenin made an armed uprising
Communist revolution
The congress of the Soviets
the assembly of representatives from all local councils constituted by the people in Russia
it was the legislative body of the dictatorship of the proletariat, ¡only workers participated, excluding the bourgeoisie and nobles.
Trotsky
in 1917, he held important posts in the Bolshevik Party
He signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, where Russia lost Finland, the Baltic States, Poland, and part of Ukraine and Belarus
He organised the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
The birth of the Soviet union
the Russian Civil War and foreign intervention
After years of war the economic situation in Russia was chaotic
the growing power of the Bolsheviks led to the emergence of counterrevolutionary armed groups
in 1918, these groups came to control large rural regions of Russia
The Soviet state
Soviet Union was formed in 1922
response to the war was a policy called War Communism
one-party dictatorship
Congress of Soviets was controlled by the Bolsheviks and Secret Police
civil war ended and the economic situation was critical
New Economic Policy a mixed system combining elements of capitalism and socialism
economic recovery
