Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Critical thinking as an educational ideal - Coggle Diagram
Critical thinking as an educational ideal
Historical development of critical thinking
1940 trought 1960
The first textbook of critical thinking 1946
By Black
Robert Ennis
(1962)
His definition for critical thinking is:
The correct assessing of statments
Glaser
(1941)
Critical thinking calls for a persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge
1970-1980
Happened a explasion of interest in ctitical thinking
Conceptualizations of critical thinking
The apripiate use of reflective scepticism within the problem area under consideration (McPeck)
Using the standarts of reason in deciding what to believe and what to do. (Hitchok)
Skillful, responsible thinking that is focused on deciding what to belive or do. (Lipman)
Relies upon criteria
Is self correcting
Is sensitive to context
1990
Peter facione
Presented to the Comittee on PreCollege Philosophy of the American Philosophical Assiociation
Presented a consensus on critical thinking for the purposes of educational assessment and instruction (1990)
The report that he make involve 46 experts in critical thinkers.
Including psycologists and educational researchers as well as philosophers
Critical thinking:
Pureposeful
Selfregulatory judgment which results in interpretation
Analysis
Evaluation and inference
Well explenation
Definition of critical thinking
There are numerous definitions
Commonalities and diferences among rival definitions
Critical thinking is a type of thinking
It applies to all subject matters
It involves reflection, looking back, suspending judment.
Goood critical thinking is reasonable
Incolves A careful concideration of evidence
Is oriented towards making a definite judgment
Being a critical thinker involves:
Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes
Dipositions
Criteria and standards
What tests include:
Identification of falacies
Evaluation of ehat folows from given information
Evlauation of credibility of a statment.
Evaluation of inferences from given statements to a given conlcusion.
Clarification of meaning
Analisis of of the structure of argumentation in a passage.
Judgment of hoe to evaluate a given claim
Glaser, Ennis, Milman, and Facionate
Make tests of critical thinking that provide criteria.
The proces of critical thinking
There is a 7 component model:
Get an
Overview
of the message
Clarify
Meaning
Portray
Structure
of argumentation, if any
Chec wether
Inferences
are sound
Evaluate the
Truth
of claims not supported by argument.
Consider
Other
relevant evidence and arguments
Grade
de message
The most omportant principles for teaching critical thinking
No one right away:
There is no only one way te teach critical thinking
Is to be designed to achieve an understanding of the ralation of lenguaje to logic
To reason inductively and deductively
To reach factual or judgmental conclusions
In a conclution it need to have a distinction between fact from judgment
Comunicate the goals clearly
The goals of the course should be clear to the instructor
The ideas should be comunicated to the students at the beginning
Motivate the students
Make students think about situations that involve critical thinking
Foster a critical spirit
We tend to produce filmsy rationales for our own position and to ignore the other side
We need to understand the reasons people have for adopting points of view and ignore the faults
Use real or realistic examples
A check of usefulness is to use real examples
Use realistic examples
Do not pur artificial examples
Provide guided practice with feedback
The guidence will come from your instruction and form the textbook
The practices can take place:
In class
In tutorials
In homework
Check for understanding
Check to see that the students understand what you are teaching
See if the students can apply what are you teaching