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League of Nations - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The Lytton Report: Britain and France had colonies in South-East-Asia so did not want to provoke a war with Japan. Lots of European states also saw the incident as something far away. Some thought that Japanese rule would bring order to the region. They entrusted Lord Lytton
        and the Lytton Commission to produce a report on the Mukden incident. It took a year to produce but was detailed and balanced. Its judgement was clear- Manchuria should be returned to China.
        
        Invasion 2, 1933: In February instead go withdrawing Japan announced they intended to invade more of China. They still argued it was self defence. Lytton's report was voted on by the Assembly ad it was passed 42-1 Japan being the 1. Japan then resigned from the league
        
        The League's response: It was powerless. Economic sanctions were discussed but without the USA, Japans main trading partner they would be useless. Britain wanted to keep a good relationship with the Japanese. The League did not ban arm sales as countries could not agree and were scared Japan would retaliate.
- - - - In December 1934 there was a dispute at the Wal-Wal oasis. Mussolini then prepared his army as he said Wal-Wal was part of Italy. He demanded an apology and emperor Haile Selassie
        
        Phase 1: The League plays for time. from janueay to October 1935 Mussolini was supposedly negotiating with the league. At the same time he shipped his huge army to Africa.
        
        the British and the French failed to take the situation seriously. They wanted to keep good relations with Mussolini who was the closest ally to Hitler. They signed and agreement in 1935 called the Stress Pact which denounced German rearmament. They did not even ask Italy about Abyssinia
        
        Public outcry soon developed and the majority of British people wanted Abyssinia to be defended. Facing an election British politicians got tougher. But not on Mussolini. Hoare, the British foreign minister made a speech to the Assembly about the value of collective security. However, he said nothing to discourage Mussolini
        
        On September 4th, after 8 months deliberation a committee reported that neither side could be at fault in the Wal-Wal dispute. A plan was put forwards to give Mussolini some of Abyssinia but he rejected it.
        
        Phase 2: Sanctions or not?: In October 1935 Mussolini had his army ready and launched an invasion. Abyssinians could not match, Italian tanks, planes and poison gas
        
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- - - - Congress voted in 1919 and 1920 Wilson (democrat) had had a stroke. H still decided to make congress vote again but he was defeated again. Wilson was to ill to run for president again . The republican candidate warren Harding wanted USA to be isonaltionsit and to 'return to normalcy'. he won by a landslide. The USA never joined the league
- - - - Some countries wanted to protect their own industries by putting tariffs on foreign goods, but this meant everyone did this which worsened the situation
      - US loans dried up, business in many countries went bankrupt which led to unemployment
      - Countries like 🇩🇪 🇯🇵 🇮🇹 and 🇬🇧 started to rearm to limit unemployment and improve industry. This caused added tension
        
        Britain: Was one of the leaders of the League of Nations, but it was unwilling to help sort out international disputes as its economy was bad. For example when Japan invaded Manchuria they did not send troops or support economic sanctions
        
        Germany: They were hit badly ,unemployment poverty and chaos. Their leaders were weak and were unable to do anything. So many Germans ended up supporting the Nazi party and Hitler became chancellor in 1933. This affected peace as he openly planned to violate the Treaty of Versailles
        
        Italy: economic problems ecouraged Mussolini to build an empire to distract people from the economic problems
        
        Japan: The depression almost bankrupted Japan. Their main export was silk to the USA, who were not buying as much silk. So Japan had less money to buy food and war materials. They decided to improve their economy by taking over other countries for their materials (Manchuria)
        
        The USA: The league could stop countries invading each other through economic sanctions but because the UsA would not take part in them because of their own bad economy