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Religius reforms
the protestant reformation
Lutheran doctrine
Salvation through faith
To save your soul
you needed to have very strong faith
Free interpretation of the Bible
Church’s interpretation
was not the only valid one
Reformation of the sacraments.
two sacraments
Baptism
Eucharist
Universal priesthood
Lutherans
rejected
authority of the pope
hierarchy of the Catholic Church
Religious orders
were prohibited
Catholic doctrine
you must have faith
hierarchical structure
Catholicism had seven sacraments
Penance
Anointing of the Sick
Eucharist
Matrimony
Confirmation
Baptism
Holy Orders
Church’s interpretation of the Bible was the only valid interpretation.
worshipping the Virgin Mary and saints were very important
Calvinism
French priest
called John Calvin
established a theocracy
in Geneva
with the following principles
Belief in predestination
Humility and austerity
Strict adherence to the Bible
the English reformation
King Henry VIII
asked the Catholic Church
annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragón
The pope refused
to marry Anne Boleyn
Act of Supremacy
in the year 1534 was passed
he became head of the Church of England
Elizabeth I
combined aspects of both Catholicism and Lutheranism
Anglican Church’s hierarchy
was similar to the Catholic hierarchy
the influence of calvinism
Calvinism
spread throughout European
territories
kingdoms
calvinists
in France
were called Huguenots.
Catharism
was eliminated
by the pope’s crusade
13th century
Religious conflicts between
Huguenots and Catholics caused
violence
instability
wars
Calvinists were called Puritans.
Scotland
England
the catholic church in crisis
humanism
emphasised
value of humans
promoted
individual interpretation of the bible
aim
encourage personal critical religious thinking
this ideas began to spread
with the invention of the painting press
development of authoritarian monarchies
meant that
monarchs had more control
over the Church
weakening
authority of the pope
was introduced
buying and selling of indulgences
meant that
sins could be pardoned
exchange for money
given to the Church.
this was a way of becoming
more spiritually
morally relaxed
was criticised by
priests
humanists
harmful practices
correcting moral standars
Priests
were not able to give
proper spiritual guidance
to their parishioners
did not honour their religious vows
gambling
by living with women
drinking
,going to taverns
living humbly
high clergy
was wealthy
Clergymen from noble and wealthy middle-class families
owned
benefited from tithe payments.
large properties
preventing corruption
Clergymen
engaged in corrupt practices,
simony
nepotism
giving church positions
to family members
the catholic reformation: the counter reformation
Catholic Church
tried to stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation
by carrying out an internal reform
called
Counter-Reformation
aim was to
rectify problems
oppose Protestant doctrine
Council of Trent
was held
During this meeting
main agreements reached
Vulgate Bible
the only valid version
seven sacraments and worship of the Virgin Mary and saints
were maintained
Church’s hierarchical structure was reaffirmed
programme of changes was formulated
stop the crisis in the Catholic Church
in response to the Protestant Reformation
was a meeting
took place in the Italian city of Trent
Compañía de Jesús
was created
by Ignacio de Loyola
to promote Catholicism
needed to have better discipline and training
Priests
high clergy
