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Dog-Neuro - Coggle Diagram

- - - - hypo-reflexive patellae, gastronemius, & withdrawal reflex in pelvic limb dribbing urine & dropping feces*
  - - - 1. Conscious proprioceptive deficit only in hind 2. Hyper-reflexive patella reflex 3.Loss of the motor in the hind 4 Lack of superficial pain in the hind
    - - Bilateral concious proprioceptive deficits 2. no motor function in either hind limb 3. Superficial pain is absent 3. bilateral hyper-reflexive patella reflex
      - normo-reflexive gastronemius reflex, no obvious pain on palpation of the spine
  - - - slow & chronic--> lack of voluntary motion of pelvic limb along with concious proprioceptive deficits, no panniculus reflex caudal to L3
      - Dx- MRI (CT- for bone analysis, not for soft tissues)
    - - hyper-reflexive pelvic limb, no motor function, no deep pain--> poor prognosis need decompression surgery rather than NSAID or cage rest
      - Acute disc rupture (jumping) (occur in chondrodystrophic dogs--> Shih-Tzus, Corgi, dachshund)/ Dx- radiograph & myelograph
  - - - caused by embolus of disc material in the spinal vasculaturenRx- get better with own with nursing care - prognosis vary--> loss of pain >24hr mean poor prognosis even with surgery
      - GR- 3yr- acute onset of non painful myelopathy (T3-L3), persistent superficial & deep pain perception, hyperreflexive patellar
  - - - Rx- Strick cade rest for 8 wks with NSAIDS, analgesics or mm relaxant (Extraduran compression lesion cn managed using decompression surgery)
      - conscious proprioceptive deficits & no motor fn in hind limbs/ bt normo-gastrcnemius reflex & normal to hyper-reflexive patellar reflex bilaterally, pain response r present
  - - - lethargy, anorexia, left forelimb lameness, neck pain (Rx- meloxicam 2d ago), improved--> then again become lethargy, anorexia, tarry stool, can. move the neck, bt ** hunched stance, concious proprioceptive deficits in all feet, L forelimbs was held abduct stance,--> short choppy gait in his thoracic limbs & long lanky gait in his hind limbs
      - Discontinue meloxicam & give opioids for 5 days. then start an NSAID dose of steroids **C/S- ataxia & weakness in pelvic limbs, > lameness & stiffness of thoracic limbs,> neck pain & stiffness> patial or complete paralysis
      - 2-engine gait characteritic of wobbler's Dx- Cervical radiographs, myelogram, MRI or CT. Rx- NSAID or NSAID dose of steroids
      - Youngs- narrowing of vertebral canal (development abnormalities) Large breed dogs / Middle age dogs- Degenerative lesions in vertebral canal, ligamentous structure & joints
- - - - Chorda tympany nn (branch) -- responsible for taste the rostral 2/3 of the tongue
  - - - Mandibular branch
        
        supply mastication mm -> temporalis, masseter, medial & lateral pterygoids, rostral digastricus, & mylohyoids
    - - Maxilary & opthalmic
        
        eyes, face, eyelids, pinnae, cornea, nasal septum
  - - - Lacrimation
        
        Exposure keratitis
        
        nn lesion (paralysis)
        
        Acute paralysis nose deviate away from the lesion (due to lack of mm tone in 1 side) *chronic paralysis nose deviate towards the lesion (due to contracture of mm in affected side) Drooping of upper lip- due to lesion in CN7
    - - ocular branch (sensory)
        
        Absent palpebral reflex
      - Mandibular branch (motor & sensory)
        
        loss of motor fn of masticatory mm Dx- look for symmetry & tone of the mm* decrease tone
        
        R. trigeminal neuropathy
        
        mm atrophy of R masseter & temporalis musculature (flat head labrador)---> (masticatory mm myositis is autoimmune- chronically lead to same mm group bt bilateral)
      - maxillary branch(sensory)
        
        Dx- trigeminofacial reflex test --> max & CN7 tests
    - - Strabismus of eye (wapara)
    - - strabismus
    - - Nystagmus
    - - no menance + dazzle reflex - visual cortex or CN 2 lesion- visual deficit
- - - - To reduce ICP
        
        need high PaO2
        
        PCo2, BP, cerebral metabolism & certain drugs affect cerebral blood volume & intracranial P
        
        Fever, seizures, and pain increase cerebral metabolic rate & BP needs to maintain in normal range, preventing hypoxia, hypotension & cerebral ischemia
        
        Obtunded- diminish response to stimuli
  - - - Lesion in inner ear or vestibular portion of CN8--> head tilting, falling, & circling to the same side nystagmus fast phase to the opposite side (same goes to classical VS)
      - otitis interna- fever & pain
        
        ototoxic drugs- leading to PVS Chlorhexidine, aminoglycosides- neomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikasin & gentamycin
    - - Paradoxical VS
        
        R CNS
        
        R. cerebellum (flocculonodular lobe) or caudal cerebellar peduncle
        
        nystagmus R, conscious proprioception deficit in both R limbs & R facial paralysis, L head tilt
      - Classical VS
        
        lesion in Brain stem or cerebellum
      - Metranidasole may cause CVS
    - - Acute onset of circling, head tilting to R, nystagmus to the left & vomiting
      - common in older dogs **within 14d supportive care dog recover on its own