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Unit 10- THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CRISIS, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Unit 10- THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CRISIS
RELIGIOUS REFORMS
The catholic church in chrisis
The authority of the Catholic Church was challenged.
Humanism emphasised the value of humans and individual interpretation of the Bible
Iindulgences-sins could be pardoned in exchange for money.
Living humbly
The high clergy was very wealthy, and many believed that this was not consistent with the Christian doctrine of poverty.
Correcting moral standards
Priests sometimes did not honour their religious vows, and they were not able to give proper spiritual guidance to their parishioners.
Preventing corruption
Clergymen engaged in corrupt practices, such as simony and nepotism .
CALVINISM
Protestant ideas spread throughout Europe and reached the cantons of the Swiss Confederation
This system of government was based on the following principles:
Strict adherence to the Bible
Belief in predestination
Belief in predestination
Everyone is born predestined either to be saved or condem
Humility and austerity.
Although financial and social success were not punished.
3 THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION: THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
The Catholic Church tried to stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation by carrying out an internal reform, called the Counter-Reformation
The pope refused, and as a result, the Act of Supremacy (1534) was passed
During the 44-year reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603), religious doctrine combined aspects of both Catholicism and Lutheranism
THE LUTHERAN REFORMATION
The first religious reform of the 16th century was started by the German friar Martin Luther
He opposed Pope Leo X’s proposal to grant indulgences in exchange for money to build St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican. In 1517
Luther wrote his Ninety-five Theses criticising indulgences. Thanks to the printing press, they were circulated widely.
The pope asked Luther to retract his theses, but he refused. He was therefore excommunicated, i.e. expelled from the Christian community.
Luther then developed his own doctrine based on individual Christianity.
