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RELIGIOUS REFORMS, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
RELIGIOUS REFORMS
The catholic church in crisis
Humanism
And also promoted individual interpretation of the Bible
The aim
Was to encourage personal, critical religious thinking
Invention of the printing press
These ideas began to spread
Development of authoritarian monarchies
Meant that monarchs had more control over the Church
Making someone the authority of the pope
Emphasised value of humans
Buying and selling indulgences was introduced
Sins could be pardoned in exchange for money given to Church
For Catholics
As they no longer feared going to hell
This was criticised by both priests and humanists
They were many other harmful practices at the heart of Church
This was a way of becoming more spiritually and morally
Some reforms
Correcting moral standards
Priests, did not honour their religious vows
Not able to give proper spiritual guidance to their parishioners
Preventing corruption
Clergymen engaged in corrupt practices
Simony
Nepotism
Living humbly
High clergy was were wealthy
Believed that this was not consistent with the Christian doctrine
Clergymen from noble and wealthy middle-class families
Owned large properties and also benefited from tithe payments
People believed it was not honouring its spiritual principles
Was failing to adapt to the times
The church was resistant to change
Their Church's resistance to change, reinforced the perception
Important figures
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Cardinal Cisneros
Called for changes
The Church could become more modern
Catholic society believed that sin was the roof of all evil
The authority of the Catholic Church was being challenged
Catholic reformation
Catholic Church tried stop spread of Protestant Reformation
Carrying out an internal reform
The Church's hierarchical structure was reaffirmed
Vulgate Bible
The only valid version
And the Catholic Church interpretation the only correct one
The seven sacrament and worship of the Virgin Mary and saints
Were maintained
One of the most important principles
That salvation was achieved through faith and good works
Catholic dogma was also reaffirmed
Priests and the high clergy
To consolide the work of the council, Inquisition was
strengthened
And a list of prohibited books, was created
Compañia de Jesus was created by Ignacio de Loyola
To promote Ctholicism
Needed to have better discipline and training
Calvinism
Protestant ideas spread Europe and reached cantons
Established a theocracy in Geneva
System of goverment was based on principles
Strict adherence to the Bible
Belief in predestination
Humility and austerity
A French priest called John Calvin (1509-1564
Influence of Calvinism
Spread throughout other European territories and kingdoms
In France, were called Huguenots
Were particularly successful, where Catharism
Thrived before it was eliminated by the Pope's crusade
Calvinists in the Low Countries, Scotland and England, Puritans
The protestant reformation
Lutheran reformation
The first religion reform of the 16th century
Opposed Pope Leo X's proposal to grant indulgences
Vatican
1517, Luther wrote his Ninety-five Theses, criticising
indulgences
Thanks to the printing press, they were circulated widely
The pope asked Luther to retract his theses, but refused
He was therefore excommunicated, i.e. expelled
From the Christian community
Luther developed his own based on individual Christianity
Lutheran ideas spread the Holy Roman Empire
Emperor Carlos V intervened
Tried to seek a compromise between Luther and Catholic
Church
He later condemned Lutheranism at two imperial assemblies
Diet of Worms (1521)
Diet of Speyer (1529)
Six reformist princes and fourteen cities protested
Therefore became know as Protestants
1 more item...
Started by the German friar Martin Luther
Sacraments
Lutheran doctrine
Reformation of the sacraments
Included only two sacraments
Baptism
Eucharist
Universal priesthood
Rejected the hierarchy of the Catholic Church + pope authority
Free interpretation of the Bible
Anyone could interpret the Bible's message
Religious orders
Worship of images of the Virgin Mary were prohibited
Salvation through faith
Only needed to ave very strong faith
Church's involvement was not required
Catholic doctrine
Catholicism had seven sacraments
Confiramation
Eucharist
Baptism
Penance
Anointing the Sick
Matrimony
Holy Orders
Military orders + religious, worshipping Virgin Mary - saints
important
Church's interpretation of the Bible was the only valid
interpretation
Had a well - defined hierarchical structure
You must faith, follow al precepts and do good works
